Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Mahadevan, Karthik; Somanath, Sowmya; Sharlin, Ehud

doi:10.1145/3173574.3174003

Cited by 233 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, various presented information were evaluated to be differently relevant (Ackermann et al, 2019;Merat et al, 2018;Zhang, Vinkhuyzen, & Cefkin, 2018). Information regarding AVs' intention was considered more important than information about whether the vehicle detected the VRU (Mahadevan, Somanath, & Sharlin, 2018). An exploratory study by Merat et al (2018) showed that VRUs rated messages about AVs' starting, stopping and turning maneuvers as significantly more important than information regarding the vehicles' speed.…”

Section: Designing Interactions In Automated Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Hensch¹,

Neumann²,

Beggiato³

et al. 2020

ToTS

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Communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is highly relevant in coordinating traffic maneuvers and therefore ensuring road safety. Especially in shared spaces such as parking areas, communication is highly important. As automated driving changes the driver's role, communication between different traffic participants will also change. External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may enhance safety and effective communication between VRUs and AVs by providing relevant information to other traffic participants if informal communication is insufficient. Hence, a variety of information (e.g., about AVs' driving mode or future maneuvers) is recommended to be communicated to VRUs. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different light signals, presented by a light bar placed on the test vehicle's roof, as a form of an eHMI: automation mode, starting mode and crossing mode. Moreover, two different driving conditions (i.e., a manual and a simulated automated driving condition) were implemented to investigate the effects between these conditions. Either the driver was visible in the manual condition or the vehicle appeared driverless as a seat suit covered the driver in the simulated automated condition (Wizard-of-Oz design). A total of N = 173 random pedestrians passing by were interviewed and behavioral data were collected from over 1500 pedestrians. Results indicate that participants felt significantly safer during the interaction with the vehicle when a driver was visible. Although VRUs evaluated the general approach of applying light signals as eHMIs for AVs as useful, they assessed the presented light signals as only partially trustworthy and rather unintuitive. Moreover, many participants were unsure of whether the light signals were directed towards them, thus the directedness of light signals should be considered when implementing a light-based eHMI in AVs. Further, moving light signals attracted more attention (i.e., increased pedestrians' head movements towards the vehicle) than a steady or no light signal did. Interestingly, no difference existed between the investigated steady light signal and the baseline condition (i.e., no light signal) regarding head movements towards the vehicle. The results underline the importance of implementing an appropriate eHMI design in AVs.

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Section: Designing Interactions In Automated Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Hensch¹,

Neumann²,

Beggiato³

et al. 2020

ToTS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior research indicates that pedestrians benefit from information regarding awareness and intent of AVs [26]. This is particularly true in situations where it is difficult to infer a vehicle's intention from other cues (e.g., speed).…”

Section: Investigating the Influence Of External Car Displays On Pedementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work on pedestrian-AV communication also focused on using external displays [7,15,23,26,32,41]. Other channels, such as "eyes" on a car [5], LED stripes [11], projection [4], mobile devices or physical attachments like a waving hand [26] have also been investigated. Whilst generally research has rejected the use of text, a text display was one of the preferred formats reported by Deb et al [9] and Chang et al [4].…”

Section: Automated Car To Pedestrian Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of External Car Displays on Pedestrians' Crossing Behavior in Virtual Reality

Holländer

Colley

Maï

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices and Services

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“…Traditional methods of explicit communication in HDVs include indicator lamps, brake lamps, and horns. Current research on AV explicit communication primarily explores the efficacy of additional specialized interfaces such as light-emitting diode message boards, light-emitting diode lights, interactive head lamps, etc., in conveying vehicle intent in the absence of human drivers (Chang et al, 2017(Chang et al, , 2018Habibovic et al, 2018;Mahadevan et al, 2018). Although these approaches are valuable and insightful, there is currently no one standard communication interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Trust in Automated Vehicles: Role of Traffic Signal and AV Driving Behavior

et al. 2019

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Pedestrians' acceptance of automated vehicles (AVs) depends on their trust in the AVs. We developed a model of pedestrians' trust in AVs based on AV driving behavior and traffic signal presence. To empirically verify this model, we conducted a human-subject study with 30 participants in a virtual reality environment. The study manipulated two factors: AV driving behavior (defensive, normal, and aggressive) and the crosswalk type (signalized and unsignalized crossing). Results indicate that pedestrians' trust in AVs was influenced by AV driving behavior as well as the presence of a signal light. In addition, the impact of the AV's driving behavior on trust in the AV depended on the presence of a signal light. There were also strong correlations between trust in AVs and certain observable trusting behaviors such as pedestrian gaze at certain areas/objects, pedestrian distance to collision, and pedestrian jaywalking time. We also present implications for design and future research.

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Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Cited by 233 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Investigating the Influence of External Car Displays on Pedestrians' Crossing Behavior in Virtual Reality

Pedestrian Trust in Automated Vehicles: Role of Traffic Signal and AV Driving Behavior

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