“…The first measures of the frequency of sex-related communication between parents and adolescents generally relied on one or a few items that asked about the frequency of discussing sex, using one yes-no question or frequency scale (for example, Moore, Peterson, and Furstenberg, 1986;Newcomer and Udry, 1985;Swan, 1983). These measures resulted in mixed findings, with some researchers reporting associations between communication and sexual behavior (for example, Fox and Inazu, 1980;Spanier, 1977) and others reporting no associations (for example, Darling and Hicks, 1982;Reiss, Banwart, and Forman, 1975).…”