Communalism as a fundamental dimension of culture

“Born Black and Male”: Counseling leaders’ self-discovery of strengths

“…They valued people as a resource for their racial, ethnic, and culturally diverse counseling association, had continuous communication with members, and empowered themselves as they empowered others. Moemeka (1998) provides a useful distinction between collectivism and communalism that helps one to understand the primacy of the person. In collectivism, individuals recognize that their self-actualization improves when they band together to accomplish a common purpose.…”

Who Is a Development Journalist? Perspectives on Media Ethics and Professionalism in Post-Colonial Societies

“…This principle and practice of development journalism is supposed to be grounded in the communal values that characterize Third World cultures: ''family above self, community above individual, constructive engagement as opposed to confrontation'' (Wong, 2004, p. 27). Moemeka (1998) identified the communal dimensions of communication in Africa to include religion as a way of life, respect for elders, supremacy of the community, and the utility of the individual. Against this backdrop, one can appreciate the ethical dilemma that journalists from these cultures face when confronted with the conflict of loyalties between the prescribed standards of the Western professional journalistic ethos (values of objectivity, conflict as news, competition, and sensationalism) and the prevailing cultural norms of face-saving, deferring to authority, and protecting the interest of the community.…”

Communal Versus Individual Learning of a Math-Estimation Task: African American Children and the Culture of Learning Contexts

“…Several authors have identified communalism as an important theme in African American culture (Akbar, 1985;Boykin, 1986;Moemeka, 1998). Boykin (1986) described communalism as important among the cultural themes that mediate African American children's learning.…”