Commonalities and Differences Among Vectorized Beamformers in Electromagnetic Source Imaging

Huang, Mei‐Hua; Shih, Jerry J.; Lee, R. R.; Harrington, Deborah L.; Thoma, Robert J.; Weisend, Michael P.; Hanlon, Faith M.; Paulson, Kim; Li, T.; Martin, Kimberly; Miller, Gregory A.; Cañive, José M.

doi:10.1023/b:brat.0000019183.92439.51

Cited by 128 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For each participant, spatial filers were obtained for each isolated point on a grid covering the volume of the brain. The spatial filters estimate the current source contribution of a single point within the brain grid volume, independent of all other points on the grid (29). The power at each grid point for specified frequency bands was calculated for every epoch of all conditions and represented by a neuromagnetic activity index (NAI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEG demonstrates a supra-additive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus

Hagan

Woods²,

Johnson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An influential neural model of face perception suggests that the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) is sensitive to those aspects of faces that produce transient visual changes, including facial expression. Other researchers note that recognition of expression involves multiple sensory modalities and suggest that the STS also may respond to crossmodal facial signals that change transiently. Indeed, many studies of audiovisual (AV) speech perception show STS involvement in AV speech integration. Here we examine whether these findings extend to AV emotion. We used magnetoencephalography to measure the neural responses of participants as they viewed and heard emotionally congruent fear and minimally congruent neutral face and voice stimuli. We demonstrate significant supra-additive responses (i.e., where AV > [unimodal auditory ؉ unimodal visual]) in the posterior STS within the first 250 ms for emotionally congruent AV stimuli. These findings show a role for the STS in processing crossmodal emotive signals.audio-visual emotion ͉ emotional faces ͉ emotional voices ͉ fear ͉ gamma S ome aspects of faces, such as identity, are relatively fixed whereas other aspects, such as facial expression, can change from moment to moment. A highly influential neural model of face perception suggests that the aspects of faces that change visibly (e.g., eye gaze, lip movement, facial expression) are processed by a neural pathway leading to the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) (1, 2). However, both lip movement and facial expression are generally accompanied by changing auditory signals. Indeed, in daily life emotion commonly is conveyed through multiple signals involving the face, voice, and body. Although originating from different sensory modalities, these transient emotive signals are perceived and integrated within our social interactions with seemingly minimal effort. It therefore is possible that recognition of emotional expression is an intrinsically crossmodal process and that the sensitivity of the posterior STS to the changeable aspects of faces may extend to voices, as the posterior STS could serve to integrate emotional signals arising from faces and voices (3). During emotion perception, the role of the posterior STS may extend beyond the visual function of perceiving facial emotion to serve a wider purpose related to the crossmodal integration of facial and vocal signals.The STS is a prime candidate for the integration of visual and auditory emotive signals. The STS lies between primary auditory and visual cortices, and studies of audiovisual (AV) speech integration have demonstrated supra-additive responses in the STS to congruent speech stimuli (4, 5). Supra-additivity is a stringent criterion for multisensory integrative regions and is based on the known electrophysiological behavior of signal integration (6, 7). Supra-additivity occurs when the observed multisensory effect exceeds the sum of the unisensory components, i.e., when AV Ͼ [unimodal auditory (A) ϩ unimodal visual (V)]. The purpose of the pr...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEG demonstrates a supra-additive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus

Hagan

Woods²,

Johnson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…At the first level, we computed a withinsubject t test on the single trial data to obtain a test statistic for task versus baseline source activity for each condition (dual state beamformer; Huang et al, 2004). At the second level, the resulting t values for each grid point and condition across all subjects were subjected to a 2 ϫ 2 repeated-measurements permutation ANOVA with factors stimulus orientation and illumination direction.…”

Section: Meg Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Faces of Predictive Coding

Brodski‐Guerniero

Paasch

Helbling

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroscience

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Recent neurophysiological accounts of predictive coding hypothesized that a mismatch of prediction and sensory evidence-a prediction error (PE)-should be signaled by increased gamma-band activity (GBA) in the cortical area where prediction and evidence are compared. This hypothesis contrasts with alternative accounts where violated predictions should lead to reduced neural responses. We tested these hypotheses by violating predictions about face orientation and illumination direction in a Mooney face-detection task, while recording magnetoencephalographic responses in a large sample of 48 human subjects. The investigated predictions, acquired via lifelong experience, are known to be processed at different time points and brain regions during face recognition.Behavioral responses confirmed the induction of PEs by our task. Beamformer source analysis revealed an early PE signal for unexpected orientation in visual brain areas followed by a PE signal for unexpected illumination in areas involved in 3D shape from shading and spatial working memory. Both PE signals were reflected by increases in high-frequency (68 -140 Hz) GBA. In high-frequency GBA we also observed a late interaction effect in visual brain areas, probably corresponding to a high-level PE signal. In addition, increased high-frequency GBA for expected illumination was observed in brain areas involved in attention to internal representations. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that increased GBA signals PEs. Additionally, GBA may represent attentional effects.

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“…Source localization was performed using a vectorized, linearly constrained minimum-variance (LCMV) beamformer (Van Veen et al, 1997), modified as a Type 1 beamformer (Huang et al, 2004). A multisphere headmodel was used, based on local spheres fitted to the curvature of the inner surface of the skull immediately beneath each sensor.…”

Section: Whole-brain Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between visual and semantic processing during object recognition revealed by modulatory effects of age of acquisition

et al. 2014

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.)Interactions between visual and semantic processing during object recognition revealed by modulatory effects of age of acquisition The age of acquisition (AoA) of objects and their names is a powerful determinant of processing speed in adulthood, with early-acquired objects being recognized and named faster than late-acquired objects. Previous research using fMRI . Traces of vocabulary acquisition in the brain: evidence from covert object naming. NeuroImage 33,[958][959][960][961][962][963][964][965][966][967][968] found that AoA modulated the strength of BOLD responses in both occipital and left anterior temporal cortex during object naming. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to explore in more detail the nature of the influence of AoA on activity in those two regions. Covert object naming recruited a network within the left hemisphere that is familiar from previous research, including visual, left occipito-temporal, anterior temporal and inferior frontal regions. Region of interest (ROI) analyses found that occipital cortex generated a rapid evoked response (~ 75-200 ms at 0-40 Hz) that peaked at 95 ms but was not modulated by AoA. That response was followed by a complex of later occipital responses that extended from ~ 300 to 850 ms and were stronger to early-than late-acquired items from ~ 325 to 675 ms at 10-20 Hz in the induced rather than the evoked component. Left anterior temporal cortex showed an evoked response that occurred significantly later than the first occipital response (~ 100-400 ms at 0-10 Hz with a peak at 191 ms) and was stronger to early-than late-acquired items from ~ 100 to 300 ms at 2-12 Hz. A later anterior temporal response from ~ 550 to 1050 ms at 5-20 Hz was not modulated by AoA. The results indicate that the initial analysis of object forms in visual cortex is not influenced by AoA. A fastforward sweep of activation from occipital and left anterior temporal cortex t...

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Commonalities and Differences Among Vectorized Beamformers in Electromagnetic Source Imaging

Cited by 128 publications

References 43 publications

MEG demonstrates a supra-additive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus

MEG demonstrates a supra-additive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus

The Faces of Predictive Coding

Interactions between visual and semantic processing during object recognition revealed by modulatory effects of age of acquisition

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