Common wheat and cereal bug interactions: kernel quality depletion and immunodetection of damage

Abstract

1 Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell 'economia agraria (CREA) SUMMARYSeveral species of Heteroptera are responsible for kernel damage in wheat [Triticum aestivum (Poaceae)], which affects bread-making quality. In Europe, the most noxious bugs belong to the genera Eurygaster (Scutelleridae) and Aelia (Pentatomidae). In the present work, five bug species frequently found in wheat fields in north-western Italy, Eurygaster maura, E. austriaca, Aelia acuminata, Nezara viridula and Carpocoris purpureipennis, were tested in field trials for their capacity to induce wheat damage. The sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume test (SSV) was used as the qualitative control. Among the bug species tested, E. maura was the most noxious pest, with C. purpureipennis being almost as noxious as E. maura. In contrast, E. austriaca and A. acuminata, which have been considered the wheat pests of major importance, as well as N. viridula, caused no or only moderate damage to wheat quality. The adoption of an antiserum specifically produced with E. maura salivary glands proved to be effective and specific in detecting bug damage. Therefore, this polyclonal antibody is promising for the development of a reliable test for the quick evaluation of commercial wheat flour batches.

Spectroscopy‐based prediction of 73 wheat quality parameters and insights for practical applications

“…Actually, the corrected prediction errors of 27.5 mL/100 g flour for loaf volume and 0.26 mL/g for specific loaf volume are in the same range as the calculated measurement errors of the baking trial itself, which are 22.8-33.3 mL/100 g flour and 0.17-0.22 mL/g for the 10 analyzed samples, indicating that predictions can be as accurate as the reference method and potentially replace it. However, it is important to note that indirect methods cannot account for wheat defects not included in the calibration data, such as quality depletion caused by wheat bugs (Vaccino et al, 2017). Thus, for wheat quality assessment, in addition to spectroscopic techniques a quick direct gluten or dough-related method is still recommended.…”

Digestive Hydrolases of Wheat Bugs: Properties, Significance and Possible Ways to Limit Their Activity

“…Scutelleridae) не удалось выявить гидролизующих пектин ферментов. У особей, питавшихся созревающими зернами, пектинэстеразная и полигалактуроназная активность присутствовали лишь в первом и четвертом отделах средней кишки (Vatanparast et al, 2011). Пока неясно, способны ли слюнные железы вредной черепашки синтезировать полигалактуроназы при питании вегетативными частями злаков.…”

“…Pазработан простой метод выявления пролил-специфичных протеаз, который может упростить анализ таких ферментов (Konarev et al, 2019). В свою очередь, «нейтральная» протеаза из поврежденных клопом зерен пшеницы также способна гидролизовать иммуногенные эпитопы белков клейковины, в частности, последовательность QQGYYPTS глютенина (Konarev et al, 2011), связанную с HLA-DQ8 формой целиакии (van de Wal et al, 1999).…”

“…1977). Попытки обратиться к этому подходу для анализа поврежденных семян пшеницы и других растений осуществлялись и в относительно недавнее время (Lait et al, 2003;Vaccino et al, 2016). То, что эти высокоспецифичные методы пока не получили широкого применения, может быть связано трудностями стандартизации получения антител.…”

The genome sequence of the bishop’s mitre shieldbug, Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…In the UK it is common and widespread across the south, and can be found in most dry grassland habitats. It feeds on the seeds of a range of grasses in the Poaceae family and may be a minor pest in cereal fields (Vaccino et al, 2017). It is univoltine, with adults mating and laying eggs in the spring and early summer.…”