Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review

Yehia, Nahed; Salem, Heba M.; Mahmmod, Yasser; Said, Dalia; Samir, Mahmoud; Mawgod, Sara Abdel; Sorour, Hend; AbdelRahman, Mona A.A.; Selim, Samy; Saad, Ahmed M.; El‐Saadony, Mohamed T.; El-Meihy, Rasha M.; El‐Hack, Mohamed E. Abd; El‐Tarabily, Khaled A.; Zanaty, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…IBV and rotavirus were therefore the most prevalent in chickens while retroviruses were predominantly detected in ducks. This is consistent with previous studies that were done in other countries that identified these viruses as major pathogens in poultry [37][38][39]. It is noteworthy that most of the chickens sold in Nairobi are transported from Western Kenya, especially Trans Nzoia, and the coastal region, including Kilifi and Kwale counties.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metagenomic characterization reveals virus coinfections associated with Newcastle disease virus among poultry in Kenya

Panyako,

Ommeh,

Kuria

et al. 2023

J Basic Microbiol

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Newcastle disease (ND) is an endemic viral disease affecting poultry and causing massive economic losses. This cross‐sectional purposive study detected coinfections that are associated with the Newcastle disease virus among poultry from selected regions in Kenya. Cloacal (n = 599) and oral–pharyngeal (n = 435) swab samples were collected and pooled into 17 and 15 samples, respectively. A total of 17,034,948 and 7,751,974 paired‐end reads with an average of 200 nucleotides were generated from the cloacal and oral–pharyngeal swab samples, respectively. Analysis of the de novo assembled contigs identified 177 and 18 cloacal and oral–pharyngeal contigs, respectively with hits to viral sequences, as determined by BLASTx and BLASTn analyses. Several known and unknown representatives of Coronaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, and unclassified Deltavirus were identified in the cloacal swab samples. However, no Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae) was detected in the cloacal swabs, although they were detected in the oropharyngeal swabs of chickens sampled in Nairobi, Busia, and Trans Nzoia. Additionally, sequences representative of Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Retroviridae were identified in the oral–pharyngeal swab samples. Infectious bronchitis virus and rotavirus were chickens' most prevalent coinfections associated with the Newcastle disease virus. The detection of these coinfections suggests that these viruses are significant threats to the control of Newcastle disease as the Newcastle disease virus vaccines are known to fail because of these coinfections. Therefore, this study provides important information that will help improve disease diagnosis and vaccine development for coinfections associated with the Newcastle disease virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metagenomic characterization reveals virus coinfections associated with Newcastle disease virus among poultry in Kenya

Panyako,

Ommeh,

Kuria

et al. 2023

J Basic Microbiol

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“…However, broad‐spectrum agents may be prescribed for flocks with IB or LPAI to reduce the sequela of secondary bacterial infections and subsequent precipitation of clinical signs (Ennaji et al., 2020; Swayne et al., 2021). Immunosuppression occurs in bird flocks infected with H9N2 LPAI (Yehia et al., 2023); consequently, opportunistic bacteria like Escherichia coli can aggravate the clinical condition, and therefore, antibacterial therapy may help in controlling the disease and reducing economic loss (Bano et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2020). On the other hand, extensive use of antibacterials increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance as well as drug residue violations in edible tissues of the chicken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of this gross pathological sign can be related to the complication of the disease by secondary bacterial infections like mycoplasma and E. coli. It has been clearly shown that in addition to immunosuppression(Yehia et al, 2023), H9N2 AIV infection increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promotes the proliferation and migration of proteobacteria, especially E. coli from chicken intestines due to damage to mucous membranes and tight junctions(Li et al,2018 ) Complication of H9N2 TA B L E 5 The fraction of H9N2 or IB virus positive samples to total samples obtained from trachea and caecal tonsils of birds in different days post-challenge. No significant difference was observed between positive control (PC) and enrofloxacin-treated (AB) birds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of enrofloxacin on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2 avian influenza/infectious bronchitis viruses

Abbasnia,

Mosleh,

Dadras

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundEffect of antibacterials on mucociliary system and clinical outcome of chickens with mixed viral respiratory conditions is not properly addressed.ObjectiveWe evaluated enrofloxacin effects on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2/IB viruses.MethodsBroilers (105), at the age of 25 days, were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (negative control), no treatment; Group 2 (positive control [PC]) challenged by intranasal and intraocular route. Group 3 (antibiotic [AB]‐treated) challenged and also received enrofloxacin started after manifestation of clinical signs (day 2 post‐challenge [pc]) and continued for 5 days.ResultsAdministration of AB was not associated with appreciable changes in body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or the severity of clinical signs although it slightly reduced mortality rate as compared to PC group (p > 0.05). Virus shedding period and number of virus positive tracheal and caecal tonsil samples were also statistically similar between PC and AB groups. In necropsy, the most profound effect of AB was decreased pleuropneumonia severity score on day 12 pc. Histopathological lesion scores were statistically the same between PC and AB groups. However, the administration of AB increased the number of tracheal goblet cells, with no effect on ciliostasis.ConclusionsWe found a weak positive effect of enrofloxacin administration in H9N2/IB‐infected chickens. Considering the risks of AB treatment in broiler chickens, the results of this small‐scale study do not encourage the benefit of enrofloxacin use in these viral diseases.

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Prebiotic effects of Talinum triangulare and Mangifera indica on slow growing broiler chickens (SASSO)

Sodjinou,

Leno,

Millimono

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review

Cited by 15 publications

References 165 publications

Metagenomic characterization reveals virus coinfections associated with Newcastle disease virus among poultry in Kenya

Metagenomic characterization reveals virus coinfections associated with Newcastle disease virus among poultry in Kenya

Effect of enrofloxacin on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2 avian influenza/infectious bronchitis viruses

Prebiotic effects of Talinum triangulare and Mangifera indica on slow growing broiler chickens (SASSO)

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