Abstract:Immunodeficiency represents a vast number of diseases and syndromes. Both primary and secondary forms of immunodeficiency are important contributors to the development of bronchiectasis. Primary immune deficiencies, in particular, are increasingly identified and defined as contributors. Specific immune deficiencies that are closely associated with bronchiectasis and as discussed in this article are common variable immunodeficiency, specific antibody deficiency, immunodeficiencies involving immunoglobulin E, DO… Show more
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is common in bronchiectasis, with rising incidence globally. However, investigation into NTM in bronchiectasis patients in China remains relatively limited. This work aimed to identify and understand the features of NTM in bronchiectasis patient in Fuzhou district of China. The pulmonary samples were collected from 281 bronchiectasis patients with suspected NTM infection in Fuzhou, 2018-2022. MPB64 antigen detection was employed for the preliminary evaluation of NTM. Further NTM identification was realized using gene chip and gene sequencing. Among 281 patients, 172 (61.21%) patients were NTM-positive (58.72%) according to MPB64 antigen detection, with females (58.72%) outnumbering males (41.28%) and the highest prevalence in the age group of 46-65 years. In total, 47 NTM single infections and 3 mixed infections (1 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-M. intracellulare</i>, 1 <i>M. avium-M. intracellulare</i>, and 1 <i>M. abscessus-M. intracellulare</i>) were identified through multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA), which was compared with gene sequencing results. Both methods suggested <i>Mycobacterium (M.) intracellulare, M. abscessus</i>, and <i>M. avium</i> as the primary NTM species affecting bronchiectasis patients. <i>M. intracellulare</i> and <i>M. abscessus </i>were more frequent in females than males with the highest prevalence in the age group of 46-65 years according to MMCA. This research provides novel insights into the epidemiological and clinical features of NTM in bronchiectasis patients in Southeastern China. Significantly, <i>M. intracellulare, M. abscessus,</i> and <i>M. avium</i> were identified as the major NTM species, contributing to a better understanding and management of bronchiectasis accompanied by NTM infection.
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