Common Region on Chromosome 14 in T-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma

Abstract

Chromosome 14 breakpoints in malignant human lymphocytes cluster on the long (q) arm near bands q11 and q32. An inversion of chromosome 14 due to breaks in q11.2 and q32.3 has now been found in a newly established childhood T-cell lymphoma cell line and confirmed in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A translocation was also found between chromosomes 10 and 14 with a breakpoint at 14q11.2 in another T-cell lymphoma cell line. It is proposed that a proximal region on chromosome 14 in or near sub-band q11.2 is related to T-cell function. Rearrangements in this region may affect the growth of T lymphocytes and be involved in the development of T-cell malignancies.

Alpha-chain locus of the T-cell antigen receptor is involved in the t(10;14) chromosome translocation of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.

“…1. The only abnormality is a t(10;14)(q24;qll) chromosome translocation, apparently identical to those reported in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias and high-grade lymphomas (2,7,8).…”

“…A t(10;14)(q24;qll) chromosome translocation has been detected in acute T-cell leukemia and in high grade T-cell lymphomas (2,7,8). We have analyzed cells from a patient with acute T-cell leukemia who possessed this translocation and have asked whether the t(10;14) chromosome translocation directly involves the TCRA.…”

Gene encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is moved immediately downstream of c-myc in a chromosomal 8;14 translocation in a cell line from a human T-cell leukemia.

“…Moreover, structural abnormalities involving these regions of chromosomes 14 and 7 are very rare in other malignant diseases (10,11). One recurring rearrangement in T-cell neoplasia is a paracentric inversion of chromosome 14 with a proximal breakpoint at q1l and a distal breakpoint at q32 (11)(12)(13). A closely related rearrangement, t(14;14)(qll;q32), is seen in T-cell neoplasia (14,15) and in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia as well as in the leukemic cells of those patients in whom this disease evolved (13 patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.…”

“…One recurring rearrangement in T-cell neoplasia is a paracentric inversion of chromosome 14 with a proximal breakpoint at q1l and a distal breakpoint at q32 (11)(12)(13). A closely related rearrangement, t(14;14)(qll;q32), is seen in T-cell neoplasia (14,15) and in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia as well as in the leukemic cells of those patients in whom this disease evolved (13 patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, in some of these T-cell diseases, breaks occur in either 14q11 or 14q32, or in both bands in the same patient; in B-cell disorders, however, breaks occur essentially only in 14q32, and they rarely involve 14q11 (11).…”

Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12 in T cell prolymphocytic leukemia

“…3 The occurrence of PLL in the evolution of ataxia telangiectasia patients has directed focus on chromosome 14 abnormalities. 4 More recently, the question of the relationship between Sézary cell leukemia and T-PLL has been addressed. 5,6 Among the various chromosomal abnormalities described in T-PLL, rearrangements of chromosomes 14,8,6, 11 and X occurred most frequently 7 and association of several anomalies in the same patient often resulted in complex karyotypes.…”