Common positioning errors in panoramic radiography: A review

Abstract

Professionals performing radiographic examinations are responsible for maintaining optimal image quality for accurate diagnoses. These professionals must competently execute techniques such as film manipulation and processing to minimize patient exposure to radiation. Improper performance by the professional and/or patient may result in a radiographic image of unsatisfactory quality that can also lead to a misdiagnosis and the development of an inadequate treatment plan. Currently, the most commonly performed extraoral examination is panoramic radiography. The invention of panoramic radiography has resulted in improvements in image quality with decreased exposure to radiation and at a low cost. However, this technique requires careful, accurate positioning of the patient's teeth and surrounding maxillofacial bone structure within the focal trough. Therefore, we reviewed the literature for the most common types of positioning errors in panoramic radiography to suggest the correct techniques. We would also discuss how to determine if the most common positioning errors occurred in panoramic radiography, such as in the positioning of the patient's head, tongue, chin, or body.

Evaluation of bone texture imaging parameters on panoramic radiographs of patients with Sheehan’s syndrome: a STROBE-compliant case-control study

“…The Frankfort plane was positioned parallel to the ground and the median sagittal plane was perpendicular to the ground. 38 All obtained images were exported as TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), 300 dpi, and subsequently imported into the MATLAB R2016a program (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States). In order to calculate measurement errors, the study reliability was conducted through image evaluation during a 15-day interval.…”

“…Gumussoy et al 35 reported a reduced mean fractal dimension value in a group of 25 patients with chronic renal failure in comparison to healthy individuals. In patients with temporomandibular disorders-related osteoarthritic changes fractal dimension value decreased as the severity of degenerative changesincreased, showing that erosive and sclerotic condyles had an altered trabecular pattern 38.…”

Advances in Radiographic Techniques Used in Dentistry

“…Artifacts could occur due to I)technical errors, II)improper patient positioning and III)during x-ray exposure in digital panoramic imaging [58][59][60].…”

Automatic analysis algorithm for acquiring standard dental and mandibular shape data using cone-beam computed tomography

“…Furthermore, neither the data collection criteria of each manufacturer nor the method of creating the average arch shape and focal trough is publicly available. Lack of agreement in the focal trough can be an obstacle to the standardization of panoramic radiography, and the consequent variation in images may affect the diagnostic accuracy in multiple ways 11 , 12 . First, different magnification across brands results in different measurements of the same anatomical structures.…”