Common population characteristics of direct‐seeded hybrid indica rice for high yield

Abstract

Direct seeding of rice has attracted attention because of its simplicity and rapidity compared with traditional cultivation methods. However, the geographical location of the rice region in Southwest China is complex, and the common characteristics of high yield of direct seeding hybrid indica rice and the law of nutrient absorption and accumulation are still unclear. This study results demonstrated that the mean yield of high‐yield varieties (HYV) in the two ecological points increased by 17.68%–19.98% and 17.37%–27.06%, respectively, compared with low‐yield varieties (LYV). The high tillering ability and effective tillering rate of HYV promoted a large leaf area index (LAI) and a strong photosynthetic capacity and stimulated the accumulation of aboveground biomass and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in rice plants, which were finally transported and allocated to the grains to maintain high yields. Correlation analysis indicated that yield and its components were closely related to spatial population structure and nutrient accumulation and allocation. In particular, LAI at the full heading stage, net photosynthetic rate, aboveground biomass from jointing to maturity stage, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation and distribution from jointing to full heading stage have the strongest correlation with yield and its components. Therefore, improving the effective tillering rate and LAI, as well as the accumulation and distribution of aboveground biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of rice plants from jointing to full heading stage, are the common laws for the formation of high yield of direct seeding hybrid rice in different ecological areas.

Introduction: Sustainability as an agroecological strategy toward resilience in agricultural systems

“…The research articles published in the special section "Agricultural and biological sciences: Plant, soil, animal and environment" address actual topics for agriculture and biology, covering smart technologies, bioinformatics, sensors in agriculture, rhizosphere microbiomes, mycorrhizal fungus and nano potassium fertilizer, IAHP, FCE, soil management, water efficiency, plastic-film mulching technology, crop breeding, direct seeding, fruit growing management, and multi-sensor data (C. Chen et al, 2022;X. Chen et al, 2023;Chen & Shen, 2023;C. Guo, Yuan et al, 2023;Li et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2023;Mohammadpur et al, 2023;Qi et al, 2023;Shivashimpar et al, 2023;Yu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2023).…”

“…C. Guo, Yuan et al (2023) noted that direct seeding hybrid rice in different ecological areas from Southwest China can represent a good alternative for high yields. Many measurements were considered for one in each of high-yield varieties of rice and one low-yield varieties: photosynthetic capacity, biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in rice plants, leaf area index and yield components as floret per panicle, total spikelets, and harvest index of high yield.…”

“…Many measurements were considered for one in each of high-yield varieties of rice and one low-yield varieties: photosynthetic capacity, biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in rice plants, leaf area index and yield components as floret per panicle, total spikelets, and harvest index of high yield. The authors reported that 1000-grain weight, grain fertility, floret per panicle, total spikelets, and harvest index of high-yield varieties, or net photosynthetic rate were significantly higher in high-yield varieties than those of low-yield varieties (C. Guo, Yuan et al, 2023).…”

“…To contribute to this ambitious aim, several international researchers present their novel articles in this special section of Agronomy Journal. The published papers depict a series of current topics on smart technologies, bioinformatics, sensors in agriculture, rhizosphere microbiomes, mycorrhizal fungus and nano potassium fertilizer, improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), soil management, water efficiency, plastic-film mulching technology, crop breeding, direct seeding, orchard management, and multi-sensor data for agriculture (C. Chen et al, 2022Chen & Shen, 2023;C. Guo, Yuan et al, 2023;Li et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2023;Mohammadpur et al, 2023;Qi et al, 2023;Shivashimpar et al, 2023;Yu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2023).…”

Effects of postponing nitrogen topdressing on starch structural properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice cultivars with different taste values

“…The preceding crop was rape, and the topsoil (0–20 cm) consisted of sandy loam soil with the following characteristics: organic matter content of 20.58 g kg −1 , total nitrogen content of 1.53 g kg −1 , alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 102.27 mg kg −1 , available phosphorus content of 19.42 mg kg −1 , available potassium content of 115.45 mg kg −1 , and a pH value of 6.61. Two medium indica late-maturing hybrid indica rice varieties ( Table 1 ) with comparable growth periods and yields and significant differences in palatability were selected as the test materials ( Guo et al., 2022 ; Guo et al., 2023b ).…”