Common Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases as Possible Early Predictor for New Wave of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections

Yang, David Dawei; Ouldali, Naïm; Gajdos, Vincent; Thomas-Sertillanges, Roxane; Vasante, Loganayagi; Skurnik, David; Angoulvant, François

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1359

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These results are similar to those published by other authors, who have noted that the measures taken to contain the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global decline in the incidence of transmissible respiratory or contact infections, although they did not affect other infections that are unaffected by social contacts, such as urinary tract infections [ 27 , 28 ]. For these other infections, only a mild decline was observed, perhaps due to the lack of physician visits in response to mild and self-treatable symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Consumption of Antibiotics in an Atlantic European Region during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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The increasing concern about bacterial resistance has made the rational prescription of antibiotics even more urgent. The non-pharmacological measures established to reduce the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have modified the epidemiology of pediatric infections and, consequently, the use of antibiotics. Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses are quasi-experimental studies that allow for the estimation of causal effects with observational data in “natural experiments”, such as changes in health policies or pandemics. The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the incidence of infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics between 2018 and 2020 in the Health Area of Vigo (Galicia, Spain) was quantified and analyzed. This paper outlines a real-world data study with administrative records from primary care services provided for the pediatric population. The records were related to episodes classified as infectious by the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2) and oral medication in the therapeutic subgroup J01, corresponding to antibiotics for systemic use, according to the World Health Organization’s Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. The records were classified according to incident episodes, age, dose per inhabitant, and year. Segmented regression models were applied using an algorithm that automatically identifies the number and position of the change points. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of infectious diseases being transmitted between individuals, through the air and through the fecal–oral route, significantly decreased, and a slight decrease in infections transmitted via other mechanisms (urinary tract infections) was also found. In parallel, during the months of the pandemic, there has been a marked and significant reduction in antibacterial agent utilization, mainly of penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Consumption of Antibiotics in an Atlantic European Region during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…Outside the U.S., studies conducted during the first months during lockdown involving pediatric emergency departments in France, Italy, and New Zealand showed significant reductions in emergency visits of children with respiratory disease in a wide age range (28). A reduction in AOM episodes during lockdown was reported from the U.S., Italy, and France from general pediatric (26,29) and emergency room settings (28,30,31). A high rate of improvement in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) was also reported during lockdown (29,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the first months of lockdown, as France reopened to more social interaction but still required masks, the significant decrease in acute gastroenteritis, common cold, and AOM ED visits bounced back to prepandemic levels ( 30 , 33 ). Increased infections were not observed in the Massachusetts study, but their follow-up only lasted 5 weeks after the lockdown ended ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Primary Care Practice in Children

et al. 2021

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to day care and school closures and children staying home for several months. When they gradually returned, aggressive regulations were implemented in New York State to reduce viral transmission.Method: An ongoing prospective study occurring in the Rochester, NY region, focused on early childhood respiratory infectious diseases, afforded an opportunity to assess the impact of the pandemic on the incidence of these illnesses in a primary care outpatient setting. Physician-diagnosed, medically attended infection visits were assessed in two child cohorts, age 6–36 months old: from March 15 to December 31, 2020 (the pandemic period) compared to the same months in 2019 (prepandemic). Nasopharyngeal colonization by potential otopathogens during healthy/well-child and acute otitis media (AOM) visits was evaluated.Results: One hundred and forty-four children were included in the pandemic cohort and 215 in the prepandemic cohort. The pandemic cohort of children experienced 1.8-fold less frequent infectious disease visits during the pandemic (p < 0.0001). Specifically, visits for AOM were 3.7-fold lower (p < 0.0001), viral upper respiratory infections (URI) 3.8-fold lower (p < 0.0001), croup 27.5-fold lower (p < 0.0001), and bronchiolitis 7.4-fold lower (p = 0.04) than the prepandemic cohort. Streptococcus pneumoniae (p = 0.03), Haemophilus influenzae (p < 0.0001), and Moraxella catarrhalis (p < 0.0001) nasopharyngeal colonization occurred less frequently among children during the pandemic.Conclusion: In primary care pediatric practice, during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant decreases in the frequency of multiple respiratory infections and nasopharyngeal colonization by potential bacterial respiratory pathogens occurred in children age 6–36 months old.

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“…Unfortunately, to date, there are no specific antiviral drugs or licensed vaccines for COVID-19, and isolation is the most effective way to control the spread of infection (Skurnik et al . 2020 ). Therefore, serial data on viral RNA dynamics and antibody responses in COVID-19 patients are urgently needed to guide the management of the pandemic and the development of antiviral therapies and vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Antibody Kinetics of COVID-19 Patients with Different Disease Severities in Acute and Convalescent Phases: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

Zhang

et al. 2020

Virol. Sin.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly around the world, posing a major threat to human health and the economy. Currently, long-term data on viral shedding and the serum antibody responses in COVID-19 patients are still limited. Herein, we report the clinical features, viral RNA loads, and serum antibody levels in a cohort of 112 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Honghu People’s Hospital, Hubei Province, China. Overall, 5.36% (6/112) of patients showed persistent viral RNA shedding (> 45 days). The peak viral load was higher in the severe disease group than in the mild group (median cycle threshold value, 36.4 versus 31.5; P = 0.002). For most patients the disappearance of IgM antibodies occurred approximately 4–6 weeks after symptoms onset, while IgG persisted for over 194 days after the onset of symptoms, although patients showed a 46% reduction in antibodies titres against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein compared with the acute phase. We also studied 18 asymptomatic individuals with RT-qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection together with 17 symptomatic patients, and the asymptomatic individuals were the close contacts of these symptomatic cases. Delayed IgG seroconversion and lower IgM seropositive rates were observed in asymptomatic individuals. These data indicate that higher viral loads and stronger antibody responses are related to more severe disease status in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the antibodies persisted in the recovered patient for more than 6 months so that the vaccine may provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-020-00329-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Common Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases as Possible Early Predictor for New Wave of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Consumption of Antibiotics in an Atlantic European Region during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Consumption of Antibiotics in an Atlantic European Region during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Primary Care Practice in Children

Viral and Antibody Kinetics of COVID-19 Patients with Different Disease Severities in Acute and Convalescent Phases: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

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