Common pediatric infestations: update on diagnosis and treatment of scabies, head lice, and bed bugs

Ogbuefi, Nonye; Kenner‐Bell, Brandi

doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001031

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(71 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…55 Nits that are more than 1 cm from the scalp are usually non-viable. 6 , 7 , 56 As nits can persist after successful treatment of the infestation, their presence does not indicate a current infestation. 6 , 7 , 56 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 , 7 , 56 As nits can persist after successful treatment of the infestation, their presence does not indicate a current infestation. 6 , 7 , 56 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of pediculosis capitis is recommended for all individuals with an active infestation. 56 Topical pediculicides are the most effective and first-line treatment for pediculosis capitis. 6 , 7 Mechanical removal of the lice is a therapeutic option if the parents prefer not to use a pediculicide on their child and in children younger than 2 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abametapir, through chelation of zinc, copper and iron, can inhibit various metalloproteinases that are critical in louse egg development, egg hatching and louse survival. 56 , 92 – 94 As such, abametapir is both pediculicidal and ovicidal. In addition, abametapir 0.74% lotion contains benzyl alcohol, which enhances its ovicidal effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Paediatrics: how to manage pediculosis capitis

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2022

DIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pediculosis capitis is a common human parasitic infestation in childhood. This article aims to provide a narrative updated review on the management of pediculosis capitis. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key terms “pediculosis capitis” OR “head lice” OR “head louse”. The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and reviews published within the past 10 years. The search was restricted to articles published in English literature. The information retrieved from the search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Topical permethrin and pyrethrin formulated with piperonyl butoxide are the pediculicides of choice in areas where resistance to these products is low. When resistance to these products is suspected based on local levels of resistance or when treatment with these products fails despite their correct use, and reinfestation does not seem to be responsible, other topical treatment options include malathion, benzyl alcohol, dimethicone, spinosad and ivermectin. Wet combing should be considered for children younger than 2 years. Oral ivermectin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole should be reserved for patients who do not respond to appropriate topical pediculicides. Conclusion Many topical pediculicides are effective for the treatment of pediculosis capitis. The use of some of these pediculicides is limited for safety reasons, especially in children younger than 2 years. Resistance to pediculicides, especially those with a neurotoxic mode of action, is another concern which may limit the use of some of these pediculicides. New products should be evaluated for effectiveness and safety. Wet combing is time-consuming and should not be used as the sole intervention in the general population.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 , 7 , 56 As nits can persist after successful treatment of the infestation, their presence does not indicate a current infestation. 6 , 7 , 56 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Paediatrics: how to manage pediculosis capitis

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2022

DIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dermoscopy is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool that can help visualize Sarcoptes scabiei on the affected skin [ 13 ]. Management of scabies needs effective therapies and identification and treatment of members of the family and other close contacts [ 14 ]. Etiological treatment is based on anti-scabietic agents such as topical permethrin and oral ivermectin [ 8 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA Femoral Osteomyelitis from Superinfected Scabies Lesions: A Pediatric Case Report

Sartorio

Munari

Carlucci

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scabies is a skin infestation from the Sarcoptes scabiei. It is considered a public health issue causing concern in developing countries and is considered a “neglected tropical disease” by the World Health Organization (WHO). Scabies skin lesions may cause severe itching and can be the portal of entry for opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, which can cause serious systemic infections. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with recurrent scabies infections who presented to the emergency department because of a fever and refusal to walk. Blood tests showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and significantly increased C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. Upon medical examination, his right thigh was extremely painful upon palpation, knee flexion was lost and he was unable to stand, so magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. MRI showed osteomyelitis of metaphysis and distal diaphysis of the right femur with associated subperiosteal purulent collection and concomitant pyomyositis and fasciitis of the distal right thigh. Blood cultures were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The patient received a long course of intravenous antibiotic therapy and his condition slowly improved. Follow-up femur X-ray showed a mixed pattern of erosion and sclerosis at the meta-diaphyseal region and periosteal reaction at the diaphyseal region. This case highlights the importance of early scabies diagnosis even in Western countries where poverty and household overcrowding are uncommon. Early diagnosis, timely initiation of proper treatment and evidence of clinical resolution are important elements to prevent recurrence of infection and serious systemic superinfections even from multi-drug resistant bacteria. Clinical consequences from unrecognized disease or inadequate eradication are preventable.

show abstract