Common Origin of Pigment Cells

Bagnara, Joseph T.; Matsumoto, Jiro; Ferris, Wayne; Frost, Sally K.; Turner, William; Tchen, T.T.; Taylor, John D.

doi:10.1126/science.760198

Cited by 264 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Each platelet is composed primarily of guanine but may also contain other purines such as hypoxanthine, adenine, and uric acid (Fujii, 1993;Le Douarin and Kalcheim, 1999). They usually appear as stacks of empty space in the cytoplasm due to loss of their contents during tissue prep- aration, sectioning (Taylor, 1969;Bagnara et al, 1979), and the damage by electron during TEM observation (Matsumoto, 2001). In our study, iridophore platelets mainly were found as stacks of empty space, although we did sometimes observe iridophores containing platelets surrounded by unit membrane, which may represent more intact condition (Fig.…”

Section: Iridophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment cell organization in the hypodermis of zebrafish

Hirata

Nakamura

Kanemaru

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

167

185

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Zebrafish have a characteristic horizontal-stripe pigment pattern made by a specific distribution of three types of pigment cells: melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores. This pattern is a valuable model to investigate how the spatial patterns form during animal development. Although recent findings suggest that the interactions among the pigment cells play a key role, the particular details of these interactions have not yet been clarified. In this report, we performed transmission electron microscopic study to show the distribution, conformation, and how the cells contact with each other in the hypodermis. We found that the pigment cells form complex but ordered, layered structures in both stripe and interstripe regions. The order of the layered structures is kept strictly all through the hypodermal regions. Our study will provide basic information to investigate the mechanism of pigment pattern formation in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 227:497-503, 2003.

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Section: Iridophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment cell organization in the hypodermis of zebrafish

Hirata

Nakamura

Kanemaru

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

167

185

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“…During the development of vertebrates, multipotent neural crest cells give rise to peripheral neuronal cells as well as to pigment cells (27;reviewed in Ref. 28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of the Pteridine Pathway in the Zebrafish,Danio rerio

Ziegler¹,

McDonald²,

Heßlinger³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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In the zebrafish, the peripheral neurons and the pigment cells are derived from the neural crest and share the pteridine pathway, which leads either to the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin or to xanthophore pigments. The components of the pteridine pattern were identified as tetrahydrobiopterin, sepiapterin, 7-oxobiopterin, isoxanthopterin, and 2,4,7-trioxopteridine. The expression of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity during the first 24-h postfertilization, followed by 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase, suggest an early supply of tetrahydrobiopterin for neurotransmitter synthesis in the neurons and for tyrosine supply in the melanophores. At 48-h postfertilization, sepiapterin formation branches off the de novo pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. Sepiapterin, via 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and biopterin, serves as a precursor for the formation of 7-oxobiopterin, which may be further catabolized to isoxanthopterin and 2,4,7-trioxopteridine. Neither 7,8-dihydrobiopterin nor biopterin is a substrate for xanthine oxidoreductase. In contrast, both of these compounds are oxidized at C-7 by a xanthine oxidase variant form, which is inactivated by KCN, but is insensitive to allopurinol. The oxidase and the dehydrogenase form of xanthine oxidoreductase as well as the xanthine oxidase variant have specific developmental patterns. It follows that GTP cyclohydrolase I, the formation of sepiapterin, and the xanthine oxidoreductase family control the pteridine pathway in the zebrafish.

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“…In the sword tail fish Xiphophorus helleri, as in most vertebrates (Le Lievre, 1978;Johnston et ah, 1979;Bagnara et aL, 1979 andSadaghiani &Thiebaud, 1987), the neural crest cells probably form the presumptive connective tissues adjacent to the eye including the endothetiai and stromal fibroblasts of the cornea. Also, they contribute to the formation of the sclera, pigmented layer of the retina and the iris melanophores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%