“…broad range of maladaptive behaviors, principally in young individuals (Story, Vlaev, Seymour, Darzi, & Conversely, high risk aversion (taken as the other extreme of the risk spectrum), as well as high loss aversion (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), might indicate a negative learning bias that increases the risk of depression and anx iety disorders (Smoski et al, 2008). On the neural level, task-based fMRI experiments and le sion studies have shown the brain circuitry underlying some of the behaviors mentioned above: Frontostriatal regions (i.e., medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum) are implicated in valuation processes and reinforcement learning (Bartra, McGuire, & Kable, 2013;Peters & Buchel, 2011;Ripke et al, 2012;Rushworth, Noonan, Boorman, Walton, & Behrens, 2011), whereas the so-called cognitive control net work (i.e., posterior parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex) was associated with the decision phase during intertemporal and probabilistic choices (Marco-Pallarés, Mohammadi, Samii, & Münte, 2010;McClure, Laibson, Loewenstein, & Cohen, 2004;Ripke et al, 2015;Ripke et al, 2012;Weber & Huettel, 2008). Additionally, developmental neuroimaging studies have postulated that stronger activation of regions involved in reward processing (e.g.…”