Common mycelial networks impact competition in an invasive grass

Workman, Rachael Elizabeth; Cruzan, Mitchell B.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1600142

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our results indicate that the presence of AM fungi enhanced the competitive ability of invasive E. sphaerocephalus against native I. conyzae. This is in agreement with Callaway et al 59 , and Workman and Cruzan 60 who reported positive effects of AM fungi on biomass www.nature.com/scientificreports/ production of invasive Centaurea melitensis and Brachypodium sylvaticum, respectively, growing in competition with native plants. Contrary to our second hypothesis, the difference between the M+ and M− treatments was more pronounced in plants grown in experimentally disturbed soil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

Řezáčová

Řezáč

Gryndlerová

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

Řezáčová

Řezáč

Gryndlerová

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, these effects vanished when the plants were grown at higher densities [ 19 ]. This suggests that there is an interaction between mycorrhizal colonisation in the roots and plant density and the existence of shared mycelial networks [ 20 ], which ultimately affect the outcome of plant competition and invasion success. How mycorrhizal colonisation affects the outcome of plant interspecific competition depends to a large extent on the mycorrhizal affinity of the dominant and sub-dominant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Invasive Plant Impatiens glandulifera Manipulates Microbial Associates of Competing Native Species

Razak

Gange

Sutton

et al. 2023

Plants

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Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam is one of the most invasive weeds across Europe and can seriously reduce native plant diversity. It often forms continuous monocultures along river banks, but the mechanisms of this arrested succession are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on balsam competitive ability with two native plant species, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. We also studied how competition with Impatiens affects colonisation by foliar endophytes and mycorrhizas of two other co-occurring native species, Urtica dioica and Cirsium arvense. Mycorrhizal colonisation reduced balsam growth when the plants were grown singly, but appeared to have little effect when balsam experienced intra- or interspecific competition. Competition with balsam together with the addition of mycorrhizas had no effect on P. lanceolata biomass, suggesting that the fungi were beneficial to the latter, enabling it to compete effectively with balsam. However, this was not so with H. lanatus. Meanwhile, competition with Impatiens reduced endophyte numbers and mycorrhizal colonisation in U. dioica and C. arvense, leading to enhanced susceptibility of these plants to insect attack. Himalayan balsam is known to degrade soil fungal populations and can also reduce foliar beneficial fungi in neighbouring plants. This allows the plant to compete effectively with itself and other native species, thereby leading to the continuous monocultures.

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“…Most parasitized host plants can still form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and have common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) with neighboring plants (Egerton-Warburton et al 2007, Mikkelsen et al 2008, Weremijewicz and Janos 2013. CMNs play an important role in plant interactions by regulating the distribution of mineral nutrients between interconnected plant individuals (Egerton-Warburton et al 2007, Mikkelsen et al 2008, Weremijewicz and Janos 2013, Workman and Cruzan 2016. However, whether changes in nutrient distribution by CMNs provide a mechanistic link for cascading effects of parasites on neighboring plants of the host plants is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parasite indirectly affects nutrient distribution by common mycorrhizal networks between host and neighboring plants

Yuan

Kleunen

2021

Ecology

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Cascading effects are ubiquitous in nature and can modify ecological processes. Most plants have mutualistic associations with mycorrhizal fungi, and can be connected to neighboring plants through common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). However, little is known about how the distribution of nutrients by CMNs to the interconnected plants is affected by higher trophic levels, such as parasitic plants. We hypothesized that parasitism would indirectly drive CMNs to allocate more nutrients to the nonparasitized neighboring plants rather than to the parasitized host plants, and that this would result in a negative-feedback effect on the growth of the parasitic plant. To test this, we conducted a container experiment, where each container housed two in-growth cores that isolated the root system of a single Trifolium pratense seedling. The formation of CMNs was either prevented or permitted using nylon fabric with a mesh width of 0.5 or 25 lm, respectively. In each container, either both T. pratense plants were not parasitized or only one was parasitized by the holoparasite Cuscuta australis.To quantify the nutrient distribution by CMNs to the host and neighboring plants, we used 15 N labeling. Growth and 15 N concentrations of C. australis and T. pratense were measured, as well the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-colonization rates of T. pratense. We found that parasitism by C. australis reduced the biomass of T. pratense. In the absence of the parasite, CMNs increased the 15 N concentration of both T. pratense plants, but did not affect their biomass. However, with the parasite, the difference between host and neighboring T. pratense plants in 15 N concentration and biomass were amplified by CMNs. Furthermore, CMNs decreased the negative effect of C. australis on growth of the host T. pratense plants. Finally, although CMNs did not influence the 15 N concentration of C. australis, they reduced its biomass. Our results indicate that when T. pratense was parasitized by C. australis, CMNs preferentially distributed more mineral nutrients to the nonparasitized neighboring T. pratense plant, and that this had a negative feedback on the growth of the parasite.

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Common mycelial networks impact competition in an invasive grass

Abstract: Our results indicate that the presence of CMN networks can have positive effects on B. sylvaticum establishment and nutrient status, which may affect plant competition and invasion success.

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

The Invasive Plant Impatiens glandulifera Manipulates Microbial Associates of Competing Native Species

A parasite indirectly affects nutrient distribution by common mycorrhizal networks between host and neighboring plants

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