Common-ion effects on the deliquescence lowering of crystalline ingredient blends

Allan, Matthew; Taylor, Lynne S.; Mauer, Lisa J.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.063

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As a rule, for a blend of deliquescent substances, the RH 0 will be lower than that of each component, which prompts deliquescence to occur at lower RH [45]. However, this effect is less marked in the presence of a common ion [46], as it occurs in the system here investigated in which sulfate is the single anion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Catelli

Bănică

2016

Herit Sci

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Efflorescence and subflorescence are frequent phenomena occurring in buildings of porous inorganic materials such as bricks, stone, and concrete. Since the above phenomena have detrimental effects, they were the subject of detailed physicochemical investigations. Efflorescence on wooden material was commonly observed on collection artefacts treated with preservatives such as inorganic salts or organic pesticides. Occurrence of efflorescence in historical wooden buildings was less studied although it could cause serious conservation concerns. This paper describes an examination of chemical and mineralogical composition of salt efflorescence in wooden buildings. In situ analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was followed by investigation of plain efflorescence by infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Quantitative analysis of purified efflorescence was performed by plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography and absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, depth-profiling of characteristic ions in wood was performed. The objects of study were a series of log houses of the Sverresborg Trøndelag Folk Museum in Trondheim, Norway. It was found that the efflorescence in these buildings includes a series of metal ions, the most abundant being Al . In addition the ammonium ion is present in a large amount. The single detected anion is sulfate. Actually, the efflorescence consists of a mixture of simple and double sulfate salts of alum and Tutton's compound types. Identified Tutton's compounds are mohrite ((NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O), ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate ((NH 4 ) 2 Zn(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)), and boussingaultite ((NH 4 ) 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)). Among the alums, both tschermigite (NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O), and potassium alum (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O)) were detected. The composition of efflorescence suggests that the wooden material was treated with a blend of sulfate salts ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O)) for protection against fire and biological degradation. The efflorescence appeared as a consequence of water leakage through the roof that led to the dissolution of the salts contained in the wood, followed by evaporation and salt crystallization at the surface in the form of double sulfate salts. Although the occurrence of efflorescence in this case was accidental, a natural and more frequent cause of efflorescence could be the deliquescence of inorganic preservatives impregnated in the wood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Catelli

Bănică

2016

Herit Sci

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“…159 Besides, the increasing concentration of Cl − with the addition of HCl would cause the common-ion effect, which weakens the hydrolysis of PtCl 6 2− and enhance its combination with the extractant. 160 Tang et al (2021) 115 also observed a similar declining trend of the extraction efficiency with the increase of aqueous pH when using the methyltrioctylammonium chloride ([N 8881 ]Cl) and 1-hexanol/hexanoic acid-based DESs to extract Pd( ii ) from HCl aqueous solution (as shown in Fig. 7c).…”

Section: Dess In Metal Recovery and Separationmentioning

confidence: 59%

Status and advances of deep eutectic solvents for metal separation and recovery

et al. 2022

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“…After 10 cycles, the reaction efficiency was only 42.6%; the product possessed a primary vaterite crystal phase with some product in the calcite phase. The content of sulfate ions gradually increased as the number of cycles increased, which decreased the amount of dissolved CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O in PG because of the common ion effect . Subsequently, the concentration of Ca 2+ in the carbonation process decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The content of sulfate ions gradually increased as the number of cycles increased, which decreased the amount of dissolved CaSO 4 •2H 2 O in PG because of the common ion effect. 32 Subsequently, the concentration of Ca 2+ in the carbonation process decreased. This encourages formation of vaterite when the Ca 2+ concentration was low.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Phosphogypsum to Prepare High-Purity CaCO₃ in the NH₄Cl–NH₄OH–CO₂ System

Chen

Ding

Sun

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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High-purity CaCO3 via a facile two-step dissolution–carbonation coprecipitation procedure using NH4Cl, NH4OH, and CO2 with phosphogypsum (PG) as the raw material was successfully produced in the present work. The impact of different experimental parameters on dissolution and carbonation processes was discussed herein. The optimum amount of dissolved CaSO4·2H2O in PG was found to be 18.7 g/L, and the optimum carbonation ratio was found to be 98.22%. The carbonation filtrate could be used up to nine times. Meanwhile, the corresponding reaction efficiency would remain above 50%. Products composed of vaterite and calcite and those composed of pure vaterite and pure calcite were successfully produced. The purity of the product was measured to be 99.8%, and its whiteness was 95.8%. The prepared products met the specifications in the HG/T 2226-2010 Chinese standard. The suggested CaCO3 preparation and PG utilization scheme show promising prospect for applications.

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Common-ion effects on the deliquescence lowering of crystalline ingredient blends

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Status and advances of deep eutectic solvents for metal separation and recovery

Utilization of Phosphogypsum to Prepare High-Purity CaCO₃ in the NH₄Cl–NH₄OH–CO₂ System

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Common-ion effects on the deliquescence lowering of crystalline ingredient blends

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Status and advances of deep eutectic solvents for metal separation and recovery

Utilization of Phosphogypsum to Prepare High-Purity CaCO3 in the NH4Cl–NH4OH–CO2 System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Utilization of Phosphogypsum to Prepare High-Purity CaCO₃ in the NH₄Cl–NH₄OH–CO₂ System