Common Gateway Architecture for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Michalak, Marcin; Braun, Torsten

doi:10.1109/wons.2005.9

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As soon as a node that already has a route to the destination node receives the route request, this node sends back a message through the temporary route to the node that requested the route, which then selects among the received replies the route with the least number of hops. To enable the use of AODV in the mesh scenario, we extended the standard implementation of AODV included in Glomosim according to [12] to support gateway discovery in mesh networks. As proposed in the cited paper, all gateways are connected to a dedicated router that acts as a proxy to the Internet.…”

Section: Extended Aodvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in Large-Scale Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

2008

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Many wireless mesh networks are based on unicast routing protocols even though those protocols do not provide a particularly good fit for such scenarios. In this article, we report about an alternative routing paradigm, tailor-made for large multihop wireless mesh networks: field-based anycast routing. In particular, we present HEAT, a routing protocol based on this paradigm. In contrast to previous protocols, HEAT requires communication only between neighboring nodes. The underlying routing concept is a field similar to a temperature field in thermal physics. In extensive simulation experiments, we found that HEAT has excellent scalability properties due to a fully distributed implementation, and it provides much more robust routes than the unicast protocols, AODV and OLSR. As a consequence, in large-scale mobile scenarios, the packet delivery ratio with HEAT is more than two times higher, compared to AODV or OLSR. These promising results indicate that HEAT is suitable for large-scale wireless mesh networks that cover entire cities.25 0890-8044/08/$25.00

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Section: Extended Aodvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in Large-Scale Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

2008

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“…As first reference for the performance and scalability of our implementation, we extended the standard implementation of AODV [38] included in Glomosim according to [11] to support gateway discovery in mesh networks. As proposed in the cited paper, all gateways are connected to a dedicated router that acts as a proxy to the Internet.…”

Section: A Extended Aodvmentioning

confidence: 99%

HEAT: Scalable Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

Baumann

Heimlicher

Lenders

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks

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Abstract-Existing unicast routing protocols like for example AODV are not suited well for wireless mesh networks as in such networks, most traffic flows between a large number of mobile nodes and a few access points with Internet connectivity. In this paper, we propose HEAT, an anycast routing protocol for this type of communication that is designed to scale to the network size and to be robust to node mobility. HEAT relies on a temperature field to route data packets towards the Internet gateways, as follows. Every node is assigned a temperature value, and packets are routed along increasing temperature values until they reach any of the Internet gateways, which are modeled as heat sources. Our major contribution is a distributed protocol to establish such temperature fields. The distinguishing feature of our protocol is that it does not require flooding of control messages. Rather, every node in the network determines its temperature considering only the temperature of its direct neighbors, which renders our protocol particularly scalable to the network size. We analyze our approach and compare its performance with AODV and OLSR through simulations with Glomosim. We use realistic mobility patterns extracted from geographical data of large Swiss cities. Our results clearly show the benefit of HEAT versus AODV and OLSR in terms of scalability to the number of nodes and robustness to node mobility. The packet delivery ratio with HEAT is more than two times higher than with AODV or OLSR in large mobile scenarios and we conclude that HEAT is a suitable routing protocol for city-wide wireless mesh networks.

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“…AODV-CGA is a version of AODV extended for mesh networks as proposed by Braun et al [3]; the other two protocols, FBR and GSR, we have developed ourselves.…”

Section: Internet Internet Default Gateway Route Default Gateway Routmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1], [2], [6]- [8] to name just a few), and these protocols have been extended with gateway discovery functionality [3], [9]- [16] for wireless mesh networks. Most of these protocols use hop-by-hop routing.…”

Section: A Manet and Mesh Network Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Packets into Wireless Mesh Networks

Baumann

Heimlicher

Lenders³

et al. 2007

Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob 2007)

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Abstract-Wireless mesh networks are a promising way to provide Internet access to fixed and mobile wireless devices. In mesh networks, traffic between mesh nodes and the Internet is routed over mesh gateways. On the forward path, i.e., from mesh nodes to Internet nodes, for all mesh nodes only route information for one destination, the gateways, needs to be maintained. However, on the backward path from the Internet to mesh nodes, an individual route for every mesh node is required. In this paper we investigate protocols for backward path routing in wireless mesh networks. Using simulation experiments with realistic mobility patterns of pedestrians and cars in cities, we compare three protocols, each of which represents a routing protocol family: (i) AODV with an extension for mesh networks, a reactive routing protocol, (ii) FBR, a proactive routing protocol, and (iii) GSR, a source routing protocol. Our results indicate that FBR has the highest packet delivery ratio but is not scalable to the network size. The extended AODV seems to be neither scalable nor does it achieve a high packet delivery ratio. A good compromise is provided by GSR, which is the most scalable to the network size and still achieves a high packet delivery ratio.

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Common Gateway Architecture for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Routing in Large-Scale Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

Routing in Large-Scale Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

HEAT: Scalable Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks Using Temperature Fields

Routing Packets into Wireless Mesh Networks

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