Common Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type-1 variant strains in both malignant and benign EBV-associated disorders

Schuster, Volker; Ott, German; Seidenspinner, Silvia; Kreth, Hans Wolfgang

doi:10.1182/blood.v87.4.1579.bloodjournal8741579

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…3). Respectively, these patterns broadly accord to the MT1444 and W91 EBNA2 prototype sequences described by Walling et al (46) and to the type 1 EBNA2 variants classified as group 2 and group 3b by Schuster et al (37). The dominance of the recombinant virus in patient EBH34, and the inability to detect either parental strain, raises the possibility that this patient acquired the recombinant by horizontal transmission from another carrier.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Isolation of intertypic recombinants of Epstein-Barr virus from T-cell-immunocompromised individuals

Yao

Tierney

Croom-Carter

et al. 1996

J Virol

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All wild-type isolates of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) analyzed to date for allelic polymorphisms of the nuclear antigen EBNA2 gene (in the BamHI YH region of the genome) and of the EBNA3A,-3B,-3C genes (tandemly arranged in the BamHI E region) have proved either uniformly type 1 or uniformly type 2 at all four loci. The absence of detectable intertypic recombination in the wild probably reflects the rarity with which individual carriers, and certainly individual target cells, become coinfected with both virus types. Studying a group of human immunodeficiency virus-positive T-cell-immunocompromised patients known to be at enhanced risk of multiple EBV infections, we have isolated intertypic EBV recombinants from 2 of 40 patients analyzed. These recombinants, whose in vitro transforming capacity appeared at least equal to that of type 1 strains, carried a type 1 EBNA2 allele and type 2 EBNA3A,-3B, and-3C alleles. This was clearly demonstrable at the DNA level by PCR amplification using type-specific primer-probe combinations and was confirmed at the protein level (for EBNA2 and EBNA3C) by immunoblotting with type-specific antibodies. In one patient, the recombinant appeared to be the predominant strain, being the virus most commonly rescued by in vitro transformation both from the blood and from the throat washings on two separate occasions 20 months apart. A regular type 1 virus strain was also present in this individual, but this was not related to the recombinant since the two viruses carried type 1 EBNA2 genes with different patterns of variance from the B95.8 prototype sequence. In the other patient, recombinants were isolated on one occasion from the blood and on a separate occasion, 21 months later, from the throat; these recombinants were almost certainly related, being identical at several genomic polymorphisms and differing only in one facet of the "EBNAprint," the size of the EBNA1 protein. Three different type 1 viruses were also isolated from this patient, two of which carried EBNA2 genes with the same pattern of sequence variation from B95.8 as the recombinant; however, since this is a fairly common pattern of variance, the relationship of these viruses to the recombinant remains an open question. We infer that intertypic recombinants of EBV are not uncommon in HIV-positive T-cell-immunocompromised patients, that they arise in such individuals as a consequence of their increased frequency of mixed-type infections, and that they will prove capable of efficient transmission in the human population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…3). In fact, this pattern of variance from the B95.8 sequence has been identified in a number of type 1 EBV strains in the literature (3,37,46), constituting a type 1 subgroup for which the W91 isolate is a prototype (46).…”

Section: Vol 70 1996mentioning

confidence: 77%

Isolation of intertypic recombinants of Epstein-Barr virus from T-cell-immunocompromised individuals

Yao

Tierney

Croom-Carter

et al. 1996

J Virol

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“…One approach to understanding the complex epidemiology and pathogenesis of the many EBV-associated diseases is to examine potential associations between specific EBV genotypes and disease phenotypes [21,53,[92][93][94][95][96]. Although the LMP-1 protein is expressed in many EBV-associated diseases [37][38][39][40][41], the lack of association between any single LMP-1-defined Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Epstein‐Barr Virus: Sequence Variation and Genetic Recombination in the Latent Membrane Protein‐1 Gene

et al. 1999

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The phylogeny and evolution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genetic variation are poorly understood. EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene sequences are especially heterogeneous and may be useful as a tool for EBV genotype identification. Therefore, LMP-1 sequences obtained directly from EBV-infected human tissues were examined by PCR amplification and cloning. EBV genotypes were defined as "strains" from among 22 identified LMP-1 sequence patterns. Three molecular mechanisms were identified by which genetic diversity arises in the LMP-1 gene: point mutation, sequence deletion or duplication, and homologous recombination. The rate of LMP-1 gene evolution was found to be accelerated by coinfection with multiple EBV strains. The results of this study refine our understanding of LMP-1 sequence variation and enable accurate discrimination between independent EBV infection events and the consequence of intrahost EBV evolution. Thus, this LMP-1 sequence-based approach to EBV molecular epidemiology will facilitate the study of intrahost EBV infection, coinfection, and persistence.

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“…EBVaGC-associated mortality was estimated to be 70,000 worldwide each year [105]. Epidemiological studies show that male EBV-positive GC patients were twice than female [99,106] and type 1 strain is most prevalent one in gastric carcinoma [107,108]. EBVaGC has distinctive clinical characteristics compared with EBV-negative cases.…”

Section: The Histopathological Features Of Ebvagcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric cancer: genome damaged by bugs

et al. 2020

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of the microorganisms in gastric tumorigenesis attracts much attention in recent years. These microorganisms include bacteria, virus, and fungi. Among them, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is by far the most important risk factor for GC development, with special reference to the early-onset cases. H. pylori targets multiple cellular components by utilizing various virulence factors to modulate the host proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory response. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serves as another major risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. The virus protein, EBER noncoding RNA, and EBV miRNAs contribute to the tumorigenesis by modulating host genome methylation and gene expression. In this review, we summarized the related reports about the colonized microorganism in the stomach and discussed their specific roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, we highlighted the therapeutic significance of eradicating the microorganisms in GC treatment.

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Common Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type-1 variant strains in both malignant and benign EBV-associated disorders

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Isolation of intertypic recombinants of Epstein-Barr virus from T-cell-immunocompromised individuals

Isolation of intertypic recombinants of Epstein-Barr virus from T-cell-immunocompromised individuals

The Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Epstein‐Barr Virus: Sequence Variation and Genetic Recombination in the Latent Membrane Protein‐1 Gene

Gastric cancer: genome damaged by bugs

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