Common Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Thyroid Patients

Alqahtani, Hind A; Almagsoodi, Abdullateef A; Alshamrani, Nouf D; Almalki, Tawfiq J; Sumaili, Abdulhadi  M

doi:10.7759/cureus.15338

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence and distribution of thyroid disorders are influenced by various factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, geography, and iodine consumption. 14 Abnormal uterine bleeding, known as dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), can be a distressing symptom for many women. It is important to understand that DUB refers to any condition of abnormal uterine bleeding that occurs without pregnancy, neoplasm, infection, or other intrauterine lesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital.

Nousheen Irshad,

Shazia Naseeb,

Saira Shaikh

et al. 2024

TPMJ

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Objective: To determine the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Outpatients Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ward 8, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: July 30, 2021 to January 29, 2022. Methods: All patients who met the inclusion criteria and visited JPMC, Karachi were enrolled in the study. After providing a thorough explanation of the procedure, risks, and benefits of the study, informed consent was obtained. The study involved conducting detailed history and examination, as well as recommending relevant laboratory investigations such as thyroid and ultrasound pelvic/TVS profiles. Results: 150 women of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities were included with mean age was 33.72±7.62 years, mean height was 1.69±0.07 meter, mean weight was 76.60±12.70 kg, mean BMI was 26.78±4.13 kg/m2, mean parity was 2.84±2.05 and mean duration of menstrual irregularity was 0.82±0.07 days. Positive family history of thyroid disorder was found to be in 15 (10.0%). Positive history of thyroid surgery was noted in 26 (17.3%) patients. Thyroid disorder was noted in 57 (38.0%) cases. In distribution for type of thyroid disorder, subclinical hypothyroidism was noted in 37 (64.9%), 9 (15.8%) overt hypothyroidism, 11 (19.3%) subclinical hyperthyroidism while overt hyperthyroidism was noted in 0 (0.0%). In distribution of menstrual complain, amenorrhea was noted in 3 (5.3%), 3 (5.3%) oligomenorrhea, 7 (12.3%) metrorrhagia, 32 (56.1%) menorrhagia while polymenorrhea were noted in 12 (21.1%) cases. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that thyroid disorder is frequently observed in patients experiencing menstrual irregularities, as indicated by the study. However, further research is required to validate these finding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital.

Nousheen Irshad,

Shazia Naseeb,

Saira Shaikh

et al. 2024

TPMJ

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“…Quality of life has been affected as the general population has a high prevalence of thyroid disease which can cause serious abnormalities and disorders. 4 Hyponatremia is a serious, electrolyte imbalance that can be associated with the involvement of different body systems and a wide range of deleterious changes Thus, there are substantial challenges in managing this disorder due to its various etiologies and comorbidities associated with hyponatremia. 5,6 A rare but possible cause of hyponatremia would be a low thyroid hormone level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism Induced Hyponatremia: A Case Report

Maharjan¹,

Yadav²,

Khati³

et al. 2022

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Thyroid hormones have various effects on the body which include electrolyte and water hemostasis. It is also involved in renal development and physiology. Hyponatremia is a serious electrolyte imbalance that can be associated with the involvement of different body systems and a wide range of deleterious changes. We report a case of a 62-years-old female with the symptoms of severe hyponatremia like altered mental sensorium with a serum sodium level of 110 meq/l. After ruling out other causes, a final diagnosis of hypothyroidism was made. On treating hypothyroidism the symptoms of hyponatremia were resolved. Therefore, thyroid stimulating hormone determination is mandatory during the evaluation of hyponatremia. And, those patients should be treated with fluid restriction and treatment of hypothyroidism.

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Management of Adrenal Deficiency and Shock in a Patient With Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type II

Lantz,

Naboulsi,

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) is a rare disorder characterized by the autoimmune destruction of multiple endocrine glands. Type II PAS is the most common of the PAS subtypes and is characterized by Addison’s disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, and type I diabetes mellitus. Disease manifestations are predominantly seen in young adulthood with an emerging endocrine disorder; however, a host of other autoimmune conditions can also be present before endocrine organ dysfunction. Due to the complex nature of presentation and management, an important consideration in patient care involves a multidisciplinary team with the addition of an endocrinologist. A 21-year-old African American woman with a medical history of PAS-II presented during three hospitalizations with adrenal crisis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and myxedema. The common theme across admissions entails a spectrum of adrenal dysfunction, including shock, as well as glucose and thyroid abnormalities. During her first hospitalization, the patient presented with hypotension, hyperglycemia, and hypothyroidism. She received aggressive IV fluid resuscitation, an insulin drip, electrolyte repletion, an up-titration of levothyroxine, and stress-dose corticosteroids. In the second hospitalization, she also had hypotension and electrolyte derangements, along with hypoglycemia and myxedema. She received glucose management, thyroid hormone replacement, and stress steroids again. The third hospitalization involved flu-like symptoms and a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. She was managed similarly for hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia. In this case, she presented with non-gap metabolic acidosis and required a bicarbonate drip for a short period. She did not receive antibiotics across these three admissions. We present three hospitalizations where adrenal, pancreatic, and thyroid derangements were seen and managed. It is known that most general providers other than endocrinologists are not comfortable with the management of disease manifestations of PAS-II; therefore, we provide a case review to address the standard of care management and guidelines with further discussion. This patient’s maintenance care was complicated by a lack of adherence to outpatient medications, leading to recurrent hospitalizations. We also endorse the importance of doctors pursuing endocrinology fellowships, especially due to the observed waning number of graduates. An endocrinologist’s availability and involvement in the care of patients with complex endocrine issues lead to improved outcomes.

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Common Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Thyroid Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital.

Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital.

Hypothyroidism Induced Hyponatremia: A Case Report

Management of Adrenal Deficiency and Shock in a Patient With Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type II

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