Common chimpanzees have greater diversity than humans at two of the three highly polymorphic MHC class I genes

Ej, Adams; Cooper, S; Thomson, Glenys; Parham, Peter

doi:10.1007/s002510050639

Cited by 72 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…In this regard, it is perhaps worthy of pointing out that the IMGT database (http:// imgt.cines.fr:8104/) shows, as of May 2005, that the human MHC-B and MHC-C loci, respectively, have 661 and 190 alleles. More alleles at MHC-B locus than at MHC-C locus were observed also in chimpanzees (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genomic evolution of MHC class I region in primates

Fukami-Kobayashi

Shiina

Anzai

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To elucidate the origins of the MHC-B-MHC-C pair and the MHC class I chain-related molecule (MIC)A-MICB pair, we sequenced an MHC class I genomic region of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys and analyzed the regions from an evolutionary stand-point, focusing first on LINE sequences that are paralogous within each of the first two species and orthologous between them. Because all the long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) sequences were fragmented and nonfunctional, they were suitable for conducting phylogenetic study and, in particular, for estimating evolutionary time. Our study has revealed that MHC-B and MHC-C duplicated 22.3 million years (Myr) ago, and the ape MICA and MICB duplicated 14.1 Myr ago. We then estimated the divergence time of the rhesus monkey by using other orthologous LINE sequences in the class I regions of the three primate species. The result indicates that rhesus monkeys, and possibly the Old World monkeys in general, diverged from humans 27-30 Myr ago. Interestingly, rhesus monkeys were found to have not the pair of MHC-B and MHC-C but many repeated genes similar to MHC-B. These results support our inference that MHC-B and MHC-C duplicated after the divergence between apes and Old World monkeys

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genomic evolution of MHC class I region in primates

Fukami-Kobayashi

Shiina

Anzai

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that the A1/A1 and A1/A2 haplotypes appeared earlier but were later lost from the baboon population. This would be analogous to the reduction of MHC-A lineages in chimpanzees relative to humans (57,58). It is also possible that, like macaques, baboons possess the two additional MHC-A haplotypes, which have not yet been detected because the sample size currently sequenced is too small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Pig-Tailed Macaque Classical MHC Class I Genes: Implications for MHC Evolution and Antigen Presentation in Macaques

Lafont

Buckler-White

Plishka

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

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MHC-dependent CD8+ T cell responses have been associated with control of viral replication and slower disease progression during lentiviral infections. Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), two nonhuman primate species commonly used to model HIV infection, can exhibit distinct clinical courses after infection with different primate lentiviruses. As an initial step in assessing the role of MHC class I restricted immune responses to these infections, we have cloned and characterized classical MHC class I genes of pig-tailed macaques and have identified 19 MHC class I alleles (Mane) orthologous to rhesus macaque MHC-A, -B, and -I genes. Both Mane-A and Mane-B loci were found to be duplicated, and no MHC-C locus was detected. Pig-tailed and rhesus macaque MHC-A alleles form two groups, as defined by 14 polymorphisms affecting mainly their B peptide-binding pockets. Furthermore, an analysis of multiple pig-tailed monkeys revealed the existence of three MHC-A haplotypes. The distribution of these haplotypes in various Old World monkeys provides new insights about MHC-A evolution in nonhuman primates. An examination of B and F peptide-binding pockets in rhesus and pig-tailed macaques suggests that their MHC-B molecules present few common peptides to their respective CTLs.

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“…HLA-C is also the most recently evolved of the expressed HLA class I genes, and it is only present in humans, African apes, and orangutan (14). Humans and chimpanzees have the C1 and C2 groups of HLA-C allotype (52) along with two types of MHC-C-specific KIR that complement them (9), whereas orangutan has only the C1 group of MHC allotype. Reflecting this difference, there are orangutan KIR with the potential for C1 specificity, but none with the potential for C2 specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK Cell Receptors of the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): A Pivotal Species for Tracking the Coevolution of Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptors with MHC-C

Guethlein

Flodin

Adams

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

121

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CD94, NKG2, Ly49, and killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) expressed by orangutan peripheral blood cells were examined by cloning and sequencing cDNA from a panel of individuals. Orthologs of human CD94, NKG2A, D, and F were defined. NKG2C and E are represented by one gene, Popy-NKG2CE, that is equidistant from the two human genes. Several Popy-CD94, NKG2A, and NKG2CE alleles were defined. Popy-Ly49L is expressed in cultured NK cells and has a sequence consistent with it encoding a functional receptor. Orangutan KIR corresponding to the three KIR lineages expressed in humans and chimpanzees were defined. Popy-KIR2DL4 of lineage I is the only ortholog of a human or chimpanzee KIR, but in all individuals examined, the transcripts of this gene produced premature termination, either in the D2 domain or at the beginning of the cytoplasmic domain. Ten Popy-KIR3DL and one Popy-KIR3DS of lineage II are all closely related, but represent the products of at least two genes. The two Popy-KIR2DL and four Popy-KIR2DS of lineage III also represent two genes, both being more related to KIR2DS4 than to other human and chimpanzee KIR of lineage III. The Popy-KIR2D include ones predicted to be specific for the C1 epitope of MHC-C, but none specific for C2. This correlates with the observation that all orangutan MHC-C allotypes examined have the C1 motif.

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Common chimpanzees have greater diversity than humans at two of the three highly polymorphic MHC class I genes

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Genomic evolution of MHC class I region in primates

Genomic evolution of MHC class I region in primates

Characterization of Pig-Tailed Macaque Classical MHC Class I Genes: Implications for MHC Evolution and Antigen Presentation in Macaques

NK Cell Receptors of the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): A Pivotal Species for Tracking the Coevolution of Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptors with MHC-C

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