Common Cell‐Surface Antigens Functioning in Self‐Recognition Reactions by Both Somatic Cells and Gametes in the Solitary Ascidian <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i>

Arai, Makoto; Suzuki-Koike, Miho; Ohtake, S; Ohba, Hiroyoshi; Tanaka, Kunio; Chiba, Joe

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01326.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In particular, some of the antibodies developed by Schlumpberger et al ('84b) labeled tunic cells, whereas follicle cells were recognized in only one case (Schlumpberger et al, '84a). Similar results were obtained in Halocynthia roretzi , in which a monoclonal antibody, able to recognize hemoblasts, also bound to follicle cells (Arai et al, 2001). All these previous results agree with data obtained with the 1D8 antibody, which is able to recognize not only hemocytes but also tunic cells, as well as germ cells and male/female accessory cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Relationships among hemocytes, tunic cells, germ cells, and accessory cells in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

2011

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Monoclonal antibodies were raised against hemocytes of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri as possible tools to study hemocyte differentiation. In this species, blood cells are involved in various biological functions, such as immunosurveillance, encapsulation of foreign bodies, metal accumulation, and allorecognition. The latter process drives the fusion or rejection of contacting colonies, according to whether they do or do not share at least one allele at the fusibility/histocompatibility (Fu/HC) locus. Hemocytes take part in the rejection reaction, which suggests that they express molecules, coded by the Fu/HC locus, on their surface. A homozygous colony at the Fu/HC locus was used to produce the antibodies, which were screened by immunocytochemistry on hemocyte monolayers, immunohistochemistry on colony paraffin sections, and immunoblotting on colony homogenates. Here, we report on one of the obtained antibodies (1D8), which recognized a surface epitope on hemocytes of the donor colony and other colonies, apparently in a manner specific to the Fu/HC genotype. It also labeled a single 80-kDa band in colony homogenates. In addition, it specifically recognized tunic cells, germ cells, and their accessory cells. These results strengthen the assumption of a close relationship among these types of cells and blood cells, and suggest a close relationship among the above cells, probably deriving from undifferentiated blood cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Relationships among hemocytes, tunic cells, germ cells, and accessory cells in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

2011

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“…This block to self‐fertilization is very complex and genetically controlled (Murabe & Hoshi 2002) but is in part at the level of the follicle cells (De Santis & Pinto 1991; Pinto et al. 1995; Fuke & Numakunai 1996, 1999; Arai et al. 2001).…”

Section: Function In Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the family Pyuridae, self fertilization is possible in Pyura chilensis (Manríquez & Castilla 2005) and Halocynthia hilgendorfi (Fuke & Numakunai 1999). But Halocynthia roretzi (Fuke 1983; Arai et al. 2001) and Boltenia villosa (Hice & Moody 1988) are not capable of self fertilization.…”

Section: Function In Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nearly all ascidians are simultaneous hermaphrodites, many species are unable to fertilize their own eggs (Taneda et al 1985;De Santis & Pinto 1991;Murabe & Hoshi 2002). This block to self-fertilization is very complex and genetically controlled (Murabe & Hoshi 2002) but is in part at the level of the follicle cells (De Santis & Pinto 1991;Pinto et al 1995;Fuke & Numakunai 1996, 1999Arai et al 2001). In another case, self discrimination is the result of a protein added to the vitelline coat but from an unknown source (Sawada & Yokosawa 2001).…”

Section: Self-discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ascidian follicle cells: Multifunctional adjuncts to maturation and development

Lambert¹

2009

Dev Growth Differ

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Ascidians are primitive chordates, subphylum Tunicata, that are sessile filter-feeding hermaphrodites as adults. Released oocytes are enclosed within a monolayer of follicle cells, a non-cellular vitelline coat and a monolayer of test cells that cover the egg membrane. Follicle cell structure is distinctive in different groups. They originate from circulating hemoblasts with functional nuclei. They are necessary for germinal vesicle breakdown in several species and may secrete a meiosis-inducing substance to the oocyte. In some families the follicle cells are necessary for fertilization. Although all ascidians are hermaphrodites, many are not capable of self fertilization. The follicle cells seem to be involved in self, non-self discrimination. Attachment of sperm to egg involves a sperm surface glycosidase binding to an egg surface glycoside. The primary block to polyspermy involves a glycosidase released by the follicle cells. In one species with direct development, the follicle cells secrete a sticky substance that anchors the embryos in a wave-swept rocky area; a brooding solitary ascidian with a tadpole larva uses a sticky substance secreted by follicle cells to attach the brood to the atrial chamber. Several species have floating eggs due to buoyancy of their follicle cells, a result of ammonia sequestration in at least one species. Many other marine invertebrates release eggs with attached follicle cells, and all vertebrates ovulate oocytes covered with follicle cells. Comparisons are discussed between these groups and ascidians.

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“…When hemocytes from different individuals are mixed, they undergo a series of cytotoxic reactions. Although the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear, these two recognition systems may share a common molecule or a biomolecular moiety, since a monoclonal antibody that inhibits both reactions has been obtained (Arai et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Allorecognition mechanisms during ascidian fertilization

Harada¹,

Sawada²

2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Ascidians (primitive chordates) are hermaphroditic animals, releasing sperm and eggs nearly simultaneously. But, many ascidians, including Ciona intestinalis and Halocynthia roretzi, show self-sterility or preference for cross-fertilization rather than self-fertilization. The molecular mechanisms underlying this allorecognition process are only poorly understood. We recently identified the genes responsible for self-incompatibility in C. intestinalis by a positional cloning: sperm-borne polycystin 1-like receptor, referred to as s-Themis, and its fibrinogen-like ligand called v-Themis on the vitelline coat (VC) are highly polymorphic and appear to be responsible for allorecognition in the fertilization of C. intestinalis. In H. roretzi, on the other hand, we revealed that HrVC70, a 70-kDa main component of the VC consisting of 12 epidermal-growthfactor (EGF)-like repeats, is a candidate allorecognition protein, since the attachment of this protein to the VC during oocyte maturation and its detachment by weak acid are closely linked to the gain and the loss of self-sterility, respectively, and also since nonself-sperm rather than selfsperm efficiently bound to HrVC70-agarose. As a binding partner of HrVC70, a 35-kDa GPIanchored glycoprotein in sperm lipid rafts, referred to as HrUrabin, was identified: HrUrabin appears to play a key role in allorecognizable sperm binding to HrVC70 during fertilization. In the present review, we describe the current progress on the molecular bases of allorecognition, or self-incompatibility, during ascidian fertilization, by considering the SI systems in another organisms including fungies and flowering plants.

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Common Cell‐Surface Antigens Functioning in Self‐Recognition Reactions by Both Somatic Cells and Gametes in the Solitary Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Relationships among hemocytes, tunic cells, germ cells, and accessory cells in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

Relationships among hemocytes, tunic cells, germ cells, and accessory cells in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

Ascidian follicle cells: Multifunctional adjuncts to maturation and development

Allorecognition mechanisms during ascidian fertilization

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