Common bile duct obstruction caused by a helminth in a cat in the UK: ultrasonographic findings, histopathology and outcome

Abstract

Case summary An 11-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented to our hospital with a 5-day history of vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and hyperbilirubinaemia, despite intravenous fluid therapy, gastroprotectants and antibiotic treatment. An abdominal ultrasound revealed a markedly distended common bile duct (diameter 6.2 mm). The cystic duct and intrahepatic bile ducts were also dilated. A linear structure formed by two parallel hyperechoic lines was identified in the common bile duct and could be traced to the duodenal papilla. The cat underwent laparotomy for surgical decompression of the biliary tree. A tubular, brown-coloured structure was retrieved from the common bile duct. Histological examination was consistent with a degenerate helminth. The cat recovered uneventfully from the surgery and its demeanour and appetite improved rapidly over the following days. Liver and gallbladder wall histopathology was consistent with bacterial cholangitis and cholecystitis. Escherichia coli was cultured from both bile and liver parenchyma. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction caused by a helminth in a cat in the UK. We hypothesised that the obstruction had been caused by the aberrant migration of an intestinal nematode that became lodged in the duodenal papilla. Ultrasound allowed prompt diagnosis and guided the treatment decision.