Common and distinct neural correlates of dual-tasking and task-switching: a meta-analytic review and a neuro-cognitive processing model of human multitasking

Britta, Worringer; Langner, Robert; Koch, Iring; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Eickhoff, Claudia R.; Binkofski, Ferdinand

doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01870-4

Cited by 86 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…The findings that prefrontal stimulation improved the task switching ability and that this improvement equally affected the performance when switching to a non-inhibited task as well as when re-engaging an inhibited task (without affecting no-switch trials) support the idea that the prefrontal cortex has a role in cognitive control processes involved in task set switching, and they are consistent with previous imaging and ERPs studies. The role of prefrontal cortex in task switching has been largely documented (see [33] for a review), and neuroimaging studies have shown prefrontal activations across a variety of stimuli and paradigms (see [34] for a meta-analysis). The lateral PFC activity has been frequently interpreted as reflecting transient cognitive control operations associated with task switching, such as the endogenous task-set reconfiguration [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodal tDCS over the right parietal but not frontal cortex enhances the ability to overcome task set inhibition during task switching

2020

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Switching between tasks requires individuals to inhibit mental representations of the previous task demands and to activate representations of the new task demands. The inhibition of the executed task remains active for a while so that when the inhibited task set must be reactivated shortly after, the need to overcome residual task set inhibition leads to behavioral costs. In a sham-controlled balanced-order within-subjects experimental design we investigated whether applying right anodal/left cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal or parietal cortex modulated the ability to overcome persistent task inhibition during task switching. Results showed that right anodal/left cathodal tDCS over the parietal cortex improves performance selectively when switching back to a recently inhibited task that requires previous inhibition to be overcome. Right Anodal/left cathodal tDCS over the prefrontal cortex improves performance during task switching in general, either when re-engaging in a inhibited task or when engaging in a noninhibited task. Results suggest a different contribution of prefrontal and parietal regions to task switching, with parietal cortex being selectively involved in overcoming persistent task inhibition and prefrontal cortex being more generally involved in the control of task set during task switching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodal tDCS over the right parietal but not frontal cortex enhances the ability to overcome task set inhibition during task switching

2020

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“…In the literature, there also is a well-established link between left IFJ and task switching, set shifting, or updating task representations Derrfuss et al, 2005;Worringer et al, 2019), that is, processes that allow adjusting behavior to new external demands in a top-down fashion (i.e., cognitive flexibility). This notion is also supported by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies (Higo et al, 2011;Zanto et al, 2011), pointing to IFJ's causal participation in updating task representations and regulating neural excitability in visual areas according to the task goal.…”

Section: Left Ifjmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

Cieslik

Eickhoff

et al. 2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance, including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only the left inferior frontal junction and the left anterior cuneus/precuneus were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions' whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although functional profiling and RS-FC analyses point toward a domain-general role of the left inferior frontal junction in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that the left anterior cuneus/precuneus is recruited differently by older (compared with younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multimodal imaging.

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“…Therefore, currently, a particular interest was to investigate the AVI effect when the attentional recourse was competed by additional distractors during simple audio-visual processing. Because the single-task and dual-task were supported by distinct neural mechanisms (Worringer et al, 2019), we hypothesized that the attentional load affected AVI regardless of attentionalload conditions, but modulation of attentional load on AVI effect was different when the attentional load was from single-and dual-task. In order to test this hypothesis, an AV discrimination task, for evaluating the AVI effect, was applied individually or accompanied by a simultaneous rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP), for manipulating attentional load by competing attentional recourse with AV discrimination task (Ho et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Shifts in Theta Oscillatory Activity During Audio-Visual Integration Regardless of Visual Attentional Load

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Audiovisual integration (AVI) is higher in attended conditions than in unattended conditions. Here, we explore the AVI effect when the attentional recourse is competed by additional visual distractors, and its aging effect using single-and dual-tasks. The results showed the highest AVI effect under single-task-attentional-load condition than under no-and dual-task-attentional-load conditions (all P < 0.05) in both older and younger groups, but the AVI effect was weaker and delayed for older adults compared to younger adults for all attentional-load conditions (all P < 0.05). The non-phase-locked oscillation for AVI analysis illustrated the highest theta and alpha oscillatory activity for single-taskattentional-load condition than for no-and dual-task-attentional-load conditions, and the AVI oscillatory activity mainly occurred in the Cz, CP1 and Oz of older adults but in the Fz, FC1, and Cz of younger adults. The AVI effect was significantly negatively correlated with FC1 (r 2 = 0.1468, P = 0.05) and Cz (r 2 = 0.1447, P = 0.048) theta activity and with Fz (r 2 = 0.1557, P = 0.043), FC1 (r 2 = 0.1042, P = 0.008), and Cz (r 2 = 0.0897, P = 0.010) alpha activity for older adults but not for younger adults in dual task. These results suggested a reduction in AVI ability for peripheral stimuli and a shift in AVI oscillation from anterior to posterior regions in older adults as an adaptive mechanism.

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Common and distinct neural correlates of dual-tasking and task-switching: a meta-analytic review and a neuro-cognitive processing model of human multitasking

Cited by 86 publications

References 214 publications

Anodal tDCS over the right parietal but not frontal cortex enhances the ability to overcome task set inhibition during task switching

Anodal tDCS over the right parietal but not frontal cortex enhances the ability to overcome task set inhibition during task switching

The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

Age-Related Shifts in Theta Oscillatory Activity During Audio-Visual Integration Regardless of Visual Attentional Load

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