Common and Critical Components Among Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Planning Models

Abstract

Community health assessment and community health improvement planning are continuous, systematic processes for assessing and addressing health needs in a community. Since there are different models to guide assessment and planning, as well as a variety of organizations and agencies that carry out these activities, there may be confusion in choosing among approaches. By examining the various components of the different assessment and planning models, we are able to identify areas for coordination, ways to maximize collaboration, and strategies to further improve community health. We identified 11 common assessment and planning components across 18 models and requirements, with a particular focus on health department, health system, and hospital models and requirements. These common components included preplanning; developing partnerships; developing vision and scope; collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data; identifying community assets; identifying priorities; developing and implementing an intervention plan; developing and implementing an evaluation plan; communicating and receiving feedback on the assessment findings and/or the plan; planning for sustainability; and celebrating success. Within several of these components, we discuss characteristics that are critical to improving community health. Practice implications include better understanding of different models and requirements by health departments, hospitals, and others involved in assessment and planning to improve cross-sector collaboration, collective impact, and community health. In addition, federal and state policy and accreditation requirements may be revised or implemented to better facilitate assessment and planning collaboration between health departments, hospitals, and others for the purpose of improving community health.

Community Health Improvement Plans: An Analysis of Approaches Used by Local Health Departments

“…We added "Other" for those CHIPs that used a planning model not included in the models identified by Pennel and colleagues. 9 See Supplemental Digital Content Table 1 (available at http://links.lww.com/ JPHMP/A742) for all variables.…”

Using Community-Engaged Research to Explore Social Determinants of Health in a Low-Resource Community in the Dominican Republic: A Community Health Assessment

“…Community members may begin the process of addressing SDH by identifying their health priorities through the collection of data regarding their health status (Pennel, Burdine, Prochaska, & McLeroy, 2017). The community health assessment (CHA) is one approach to collecting and organizing data on a community's assets and areas for improvement (Rosenbaum, 2013).…”

Participação em saúde nas Américas: mapeamento bibliométrico da produção, impacto, visibilidade e colaboração

“…Dessa forma, tem-se uma diversidade de desenhos de estudos voltados para análises das ciências sociais e da saúde. Podemos encontrar revisões da literatura que discutem a compreensão da participação como uma ferramenta para alcance dos resultados dos programas de saúde 14,15 , e em outra perspectiva, apresentam a visão da participação sobre o ponto de vista do fortalecimento da democracia e como um direito, abordagens características das ciências sociais 16,17 .…”