Commitment to sporulation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance

Sterlini, J. M.; Mandelstam, J.

doi:10.1042/bj1130029

Cited by 575 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Genes to Cells (1996) 1, 881-894 891 Sterlini & Mandelstam (1969) as modified by Partridge & Errington (1993). Times (h) after resuspension of cells in the starvation medium were denoted t 0 , t 1 , etc.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis

1996

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Background: Differential gene expression during sporulation in the prespore and mother cell of Bacillus subtilis is dependent on the correct timing and localization of the activity of specific transcription (j) factors. The first j factor activated is j F , which directs gene expression specifically in the prespore compartment. Release of j F activity is tightly controlled through a series of complex interactions involving an anti-j factor, SpoIIAB, an anti-anti-j factor SpoIIAA and a phosphoprotein phosphatase SpoIIE. In vitro studies have shown that SpoIIAB binds to j F , preventing transcription of the j F regulon, and that it can also phosphorylate SpoIIAA, thereby inactivating it. However, nonphosphorylated SpoIIAA can displace j F from SpoIIAB. The SpoIIE phosphatase provides a means of reactivating SpoIIAA-P.

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Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis

1996

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“…Sporulation Conditions-Sporulation was induced by resuspension at 37°C (27), with t n being the hours after the onset of sporulation. For small scale sporulations, the cells were resuspended in 2 ml of the sporulation media and cultured with rotating in test tubes (small scale culture for Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Membrane Fusion and Proteolysis on SpoIIQ Dynamics and Interaction with SpoIIIAH

Chiba¹,

Coleman

Pogliano

2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The onset of engulfment-dependent gene expression during Bacillus subtilis sporulation requires the forespore membrane protein SpoIIQ, which recruits mother cell proteins involved in late gene expression to the outer forespore membrane. Engulfment activates the late forespore transcription factor G , which produces high levels of the secreted SpoIVB protease that is required for activation of the late mother cell transcription factor K . Engulfment also triggers the proteolytic cleavage of SpoIIQ, an event that depends on the SpoIVB protease but not on G activity. To determine if SpoIVB directly cleaves SpoIIQ and to determine if this event participates in the onset of late gene expression, we purified SpoIVB, SpoIIQ, and SpoIVFA (another SpoIVB substrate). SpoIVB directly cleaved SpoIIQ at the same site in vitro and in vivo and cleaved SpoIVFA in at least three different locations. SpoIIQ cleavage depends on membrane fusion, but not on G activity, suggesting that the ability of SpoIVB to cleave substrates is regulated by membrane fusion. We isolated SpoIVB-resistant SpoIIQ proteins by random mutagenesis of codons at the cleavage site and demonstrated that SpoIIQ processing is dispensable for spore formation and for activation of late forespore and mother cell gene expression. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis demonstrated that membrane fusion releases SpoIIQ from an immobile complex, an event that could allow SpoIVB to cleave SpoIIQ. We propose that this membrane fusion-dependent reorganization in the complex, rather than SpoIIQ proteolysis itself, is necessary for the onset of late transcription.Endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis and its relatives depends on engulfment, a phagocytosis-like process that mediates a dramatic rearrangement of the sporangium from two adjacent daughter cells, to an endospore in which the forespore lies within the cytoplasm of the larger mother cell (see Fig. 1; reviewed by Refs. 1 and 2). Engulfment is critical for sporulation, because it allows spore assembly to occur in a protected environment. It also serves as a morphological checkpoint for activation of the late forespore and mother cell transcription factors G and K , respectively (reviewed by Refs. 1-4). The endospore-forming bacteria must therefore have some mechanism to sense the completion of engulfment and to couple this morphological event to the onset of late gene expression.The forespore transcription factor G is the first to become active after engulfment, but it remains unclear how G is held inactive during engulfment or activated after engulfment. More is known about the regulation of the second late transcription factor, K , which becomes active in the mother cell (summarized in Fig. 1B and reviewed by Refs. 1-4). The K factor is initially synthesized as an inactive pro-protein containing a hydrophobic leader sequence, which functions as a covalently attached anti-sigma factor (5). This leader sequence is removed by the intramembrane protease SpoIVFB, which cleaves pro-K within the membrane ...

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“…Inhibition of sporulation imposed by plasmid pPP42 was demonstrated in liquid medium by resuspension of exponentially growing pPP42 transformants in the sporulation medium of Sterlini & Mandelstam (1969), containing 3 yg Cm ml-'. Only 0.01 %of the pPP42-containing cells produced spores.…”

Section: R E S U L T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Inhibition of Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Caused by Increasing the Number of Copies of the spO0F Gene

Chapman¹,

Piggot²

1987

Microbiology

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The Bacillus subtilis spoOF gene was cloned on a 6.3 kbp BgnI fragment. The effect on sporulation of amplification of the SPOOF region was examined. Sporulation was inhibited to less than 5 % of that of the parental strain when as few as four copies of the spoOF region were present. Subclones, constructed in autonomous or integrative vectors, were used to demonstrate that the region responsible for the copy-num ber-dependent asporogeny corresponded closely with the s p d F structural gene. A possible mechanism for this effect is discussed.

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Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance

Cited by 575 publications

References 13 publications

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis

Impact of Membrane Fusion and Proteolysis on SpoIIQ Dynamics and Interaction with SpoIIIAH

Analysis of the Inhibition of Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Caused by Increasing the Number of Copies of the spO0F Gene

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Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance

Cited by 575 publications

References 13 publications

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σF of Bacillus subtilis

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σF of Bacillus subtilis

Impact of Membrane Fusion and Proteolysis on SpoIIQ Dynamics and Interaction with SpoIIIAH

Analysis of the Inhibition of Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Caused by Increasing the Number of Copies of the spO0F Gene

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Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis

Compartmentalized distribution of the proteins controlling the prespore‐specific transcription factor σ^F of Bacillus subtilis