Commissioning ShARCS: the Shane adaptive optics infrared camera-spectrograph for the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m telescope

McGurk, Rosalie; Rockosi, Constance M.; Gavel, Donald T.; Kupke, Renate; Peck, M. C.; Pfister, Terry; Ward, Jim; Deich, William T. S.; Gates, J.V.; Gates, E. L.; Alcott, Barry; Cowley, David J.; Dillon, Daren; Lanclos, Kyle; Sandford, Dale; Saylor, M.C; Srinath, Srikar; Weiss, Jason; Norton, Andrew

doi:10.1117/12.2057027

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We also observed EPIC 211923431, EPIC 211997641, EPIC 212040382, and EPIC 212081533 on UT 2019 January 24 using the ShARCS camera on the Shane 3-meter telescope at Lick Observatory (Kupke et al 2012;Gavel et al 2014;McGurk et al 2014). Observations were taken with the Shane adaptive optics system in natural guide star and laser guide star modes (See Savel et al (2020) for a detailed description of the observing strategy and reduction procedure).…”

Section: Speckle and Ao Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

37 new validated planets in overlapping K2 campaigns

Leon

Livingston

Endl

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We analysed 68 candidate planetary systems first identified during Campaigns 5 and 6 (C5 and C6) of the NASA K2 mission. We set out to validate these systems by using a suite of follow-up observations, including adaptive optics, speckle imaging, and reconnaissance spectroscopy. The overlap between C5 with C16 and C18, and C6 with C17, yields lightcurves with long baselines that allow us to measure the transit ephemeris very precisely, revisit single transit candidates identified in earlier campaigns, and search for additional transiting planets with longer periods not detectable in previous works. Using vespa, we compute false positive probabilities of less than 1% for 37 candidates orbiting 29 unique host stars and hence statistically validate them as planets. These planets have a typical size of 2.2 R⊕ and orbital periods between 1.99 and 52.71 days. We highlight interesting systems including a sub-Neptune with the longest period detected by K2, sub-Saturns around F stars, several multi-planetary systems in a variety of architectures. These results show that a wealth of planetary systems still remains in the K2 data, some of which can be validated using minimal follow-up observations and taking advantage of analyses presented in previous catalogs.

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Section: Speckle and Ao Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

37 new validated planets in overlapping K2 campaigns

Leon

Livingston

Endl

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…With the laser guidestar, the system has full sky coverage with performance dependent on proximity of a natural tip/tilt star, airmass, and seeing conditions. Unique aspects of the new system from a science prospective include: 5,6 • Detector sampling: 0.035 arcseconds per pixel • Science detector: Hawaii2RG, 80% QE in the near IR, 70% 0.7 to 1.0 µm • On-axis imaging Strehl: see Figure 1 • Long-exposure imaging stability: hold to diffraction-limit for one hour (goal after flexure model) • Spectral resolution: R=500 grism (may be upgraded in the near future to R=2000) • Slit width: 0.1 arcseconds • Slit angle on sky: adjustable using Cassegrain rotator • Long-exposure spectroscopic stability: hold to 1/2 slit width for 4 hours (goal after flexure model) • Minimum brightness natural guide star: m v =13 • Minimum brightness tip/tilt guide star: m v =18 • Infrared sensitivity: m K = 20 to m J = 23 • Camera readout modes: Correlated double-sampling (CDS), up the ramp (UTR), sub-frame region of interest (ROI), quick take • Exposure support: Multiple frame co-added, automated nod and expose coordinated with telescope (snapi-diff, box-4, box-5), automated darks sequence based of history of science exposures • Observations support: automatic data logging, automatic data archiving Unique aspects from an engineering prospective include:…”

Section: Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The camera system description and its performance report is given in a companion paper. 5 The detector is an engineering grade A device, in our case having about 600 inoperative rows, but otherwise over the rest of the array meeting science grade requirements. The usable portion of the array provides plenty of detector real-estate to fit the 20 arcsecond diameter AO science field, and allows enough room for dispersed spectra as well, even for the envisioned future upgrade to higher spectral resolution capability.…”

Section: Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ShaneAO: wide science spectrum adaptive optics system for the Lick Observatory

Gavel¹,

Kupke²,

Dillon³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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A new high-order adaptive optics system is now being commissioned at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-meter telescope in California. This system uses a high return efficiency sodium beacon and a combination of low and high-order deformable mirrors to achieve diffraction-limited imaging over a wide spectrum of infrared science wavelengths covering 0.8 to 2.2 microns. We present the design performance goals and the first on-sky test results. We discuss several innovations that make this system a pathfinder for next generation AO systems. These include a unique woofer-tweeter control that provides full dynamic range correction from tip/tilt to 16 cycles, variable pupil sampling wavefront sensor, new enhanced silver coatings developed at UC Observatories that improve science and LGS throughput, and tight mechanical rigidity that enables a multi-hour diffractionlimited exposure in LGS mode for faint object spectroscopy science.

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“…Ambient conditions such as a system temperature of 10 • C and a Shack-Hartmann subaperture configuration of 16 × 16 were fed into the model, whereas indeterminate parameters such as coating degradation were held at nominal model values described earlier. System gain has been measured to be 2.25 electrons per Analog/Digital Unit (ADU) 4 and we assume an incident photon-electron ratio of 1:1 in the detector. Model-reported photon ¶ http://www.stsci.edu/hst/observatory/crds/calspec.html numbers were converted to ADU for comparison with images.…”

Section: First Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 A major system upgrade, called ShaneAO, has been installed, tested 3 and has seen first light on the Shane telescope. 4 This upgrade comprises:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming with ShARCS: comparison of on-sky sensitivity with model predictions for ShaneAO on the Lick Observatory 3-meter telescope

et al. 2014

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The Lick Observatory's Shane 3-meter telescope has been upgraded with a new infrared instrument (ShARCS -Shane Adaptive optics infraRed Camera and Spectrograph) and dual-deformable mirror adaptive optics (AO) system (ShaneAO). We present first-light measurements of imaging sensitivity in the Ks band. We compare measured results to predicted signal-to-noise ratio and magnitude limits from modeling the emissivity and throughput of ShaneAO and ShARCS. The model was validated by comparing its results to the Keck telescope adaptive optics system model and then by estimating the sky background and limiting magnitudes for IRCAL, the previous infra-red detector on the Shane telescope, and comparing to measured, published results. We predict that the ShaneAO system will measure lower sky backgrounds and achieve 20% higher throughput across the JHK bands despite having more optical surfaces than the current system. It will enable imaging of fainter objects (by 1-2 magnitudes) and will be faster to reach a fiducial signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 10-13. We highlight the improvements in performance over the previous AO system and its camera, IRCAL.

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Commissioning ShARCS: the Shane adaptive optics infrared camera-spectrograph for the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m telescope

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

37 new validated planets in overlapping K2 campaigns

37 new validated planets in overlapping K2 campaigns

ShaneAO: wide science spectrum adaptive optics system for the Lick Observatory

Swimming with ShARCS: comparison of on-sky sensitivity with model predictions for ShaneAO on the Lick Observatory 3-meter telescope

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