Commingling in the Distributions of Immunoglobulin Levels

McGue, Matthew; Gerrard, J. W.; Lebowitz, Michael D.; Rao, D. C.

doi:10.1159/000153860

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…‘Unilateral dystonic/tonic posturing’ was considered present only if one upper extremity showed sustained, involuntary or unnatural posturing lasting more than 10 s, including unnatural immobility of one arm relative to the other [3, 8]. If dystonic/tonic posturing was observed at both upper extremities simultaneously or within 5 s, it was not considered as a lateralizing sign.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Contributing to Clinical Seizure Lateralization in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Kang

Lee²,

Yim³

et al. 2005

Eur Neurol

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Clinical seizure semiology can provide important information on the lateralization of the epileptogenic zone. We investigated factors associated with clinical seizure lateralization in patients with pathologically proven mesial temporal sclerosis. We reviewed 243 seizures of 58 patients. Clinical lateralization was possible in 155 (63.8%) of 243 seizures. Lateralization was correct in 144 (92.9%) of 155 lateralized seizures. Logistic regression analysis showed that age at onset (p = 0.001; odds ra tio = 1.089, 95% confidence interval = 1.035–1.145) and the contralateral propagation pattern of ictal discharges (p = 0.001; odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.723–7.289) correlated with clinical seizure lateralization. The patient group with clinically lateralized seizures had a younger age at onset of habitual seizures compared to the clinically nonlateralized group (11.1 ± 6.3 vs. 15.6 ± 8.4 years; p < 0.001). Of seizures without bitemporal asynchrony or switch of lateralization, 70.7% were clinically lateralized compared with only 46.4% of seizures with asynchrony or lateralization switch. The present results suggest that the age of epilepsy onset and the ictal scalp EEG propagation pattern affect clinical seizure lateralization in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual clinical symptoms during seizure have been investigated for their lateralizing significance [3,4,5,6,7]. However, the incidence and the lateralization accuracy of individual clinical symptoms vary among studies [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Contributing to Clinical Seizure Lateralization in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Kang

Lee²,

Yim³

et al. 2005

Eur Neurol

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“…This method has been described in detail in several sources (MacLean et al 1976;McGue et al 1989;Levy et al 1993). The data available from the 185 haloperidol-treated rats and 127 control rats were subject to mixture analysis on each of the two treatment groups separately.…”

Section: Statistics Mixture Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture in the distribution of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in the rat supports an animal model of tardive dyskinesia

et al. 1998

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Spontaneous adventitious oral movements which are produced in rats by very chronic (6-month) neuroleptic treatment have some phenomenologic and pharmacologic characteristics in common with tardive dyskinesia in humans. However, since not all of the features match, this putative model has been questioned and further support is warranted. Data from several laboratories support dichotomizing these neuroleptic-induced rat oral movements into "low" or "not TD-like" movements and "high" or "TD-like" movements, similar to the division of neuroleptic-induced involuntary movements in humans. Here, we have used mixture analysis to test this proposal statistically in 185 haloperidol-treated and 127 water-treated animals. Rats from several different studies were grouped together to form these two cohorts. The haloperidol dose, route of administration, rating technique, and balanced experimental groups were held constant across all experiments. Results show that two distinct groups of rat movements are induced by very chronic haloperidol treatment (1.5 mg/kg per day). The "low" vacuous chewing movement (VCM) group of rats had an average of 3.6 VCMs/5 min, and the "high" VCM group had an average of 16.1 VCMs/5 min; the control group, with a median VCM rate of 2.0 VCMs/5 min, demonstrated a single distribution. These data suggest that rats, like humans, dichotomize into two groups either expressing or not expressing "high" VCM dyskinesias with very chronic haloperidol treatment.

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“…Preliminary inspection of the phenotypic distributions suggested that the logarithmic scale is preferred for IgD, lgG, and IgE, the transformation accounting for most of the deviations from normality (McGue et al 1989). Each of the immunoglobulin phenotypes subsequently was transformed prior to analysis in the following manner.…”

Section: Family Studies and Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting scores were transformed so as to achieve approximate normality and to minimize spurious evidence in favor of major gene effects, according to the following formula: y = r/p[(x/r + I)P-I], where, x is the age-adjusted, standardized score, r is a scale factor chosen such that every (x/r + 1) > 0, and p is the power transformation parameter (MacLean et al 1976). The parameter p for each immunoglobulin was estimated under the conservative assumption of a single distribution with r set to 6 (McGue et al 1989). …”

Section: Family Studies and Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial resemblance for immunoglobulin levels

et al. 1994

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The familial resemblance for immunoglobulin A, D, E, G, and M levels was investigated with family data collected in Canada and the U.S., entertaining both multifactorial and single gene hypotheses. Significant familial effects were found for each of the immunoglobulins, and there was significant support for a major gene hypothesis for IgA and IgD levels. Whereas there have been several reports suggesting a major gene determinant for IgE levels, including that from our own Canadian study, analysis of the U.S. sample suggested that a multifactorial component parsimoniously explained the observed familial resemblance.

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Commingling in the Distributions of Immunoglobulin Levels

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Factors Contributing to Clinical Seizure Lateralization in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Factors Contributing to Clinical Seizure Lateralization in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Mixture in the distribution of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in the rat supports an animal model of tardive dyskinesia

Familial resemblance for immunoglobulin levels

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