“…However, the path from laboratory research findings to marketable products is full of twists and turns and often ends in failure (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 1987;Henderson and Clark, 1990). Scholars recognise that shepherding technology down the path from lab to market is inherently risky (Ziamou, 2002). Policy makers agree and have adopted the term 'Valley of Death' to underscore the funding gap facing entrepreneurs seeking to transform scientific inventions into commercial innovations.…”
Our knowledge-based society is pressing universities to transform from monastic scholarly enclaves into producers of new technologies and incubators of start-up firms. However, converting scientists' curiosity-driven discoveries into commercially viable innovations has proven so difficult that observers liken the journey to crossing a 'Valley of Death'. We conceptualise the challenges of commercialising university inventions in terms of three gaps: the technology discovery gap, the commercialisation gap, and the venture launch gap. We chronicle the inception and evolution of a technology commercialisation programme at the University of Oregon, relating how the university confronted and dealt with the three gaps, and describing the intra-organisational partnerships developed to address them. We find that negotiating the gaps requires assimilation of a technology commercialisation mission into the traditional academic missions of education and scientific discovery. To do this, universities must confront fundamental contradictions between learning, discovery, and commercialisation.
“…However, the path from laboratory research findings to marketable products is full of twists and turns and often ends in failure (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 1987;Henderson and Clark, 1990). Scholars recognise that shepherding technology down the path from lab to market is inherently risky (Ziamou, 2002). Policy makers agree and have adopted the term 'Valley of Death' to underscore the funding gap facing entrepreneurs seeking to transform scientific inventions into commercial innovations.…”
Our knowledge-based society is pressing universities to transform from monastic scholarly enclaves into producers of new technologies and incubators of start-up firms. However, converting scientists' curiosity-driven discoveries into commercially viable innovations has proven so difficult that observers liken the journey to crossing a 'Valley of Death'. We conceptualise the challenges of commercialising university inventions in terms of three gaps: the technology discovery gap, the commercialisation gap, and the venture launch gap. We chronicle the inception and evolution of a technology commercialisation programme at the University of Oregon, relating how the university confronted and dealt with the three gaps, and describing the intra-organisational partnerships developed to address them. We find that negotiating the gaps requires assimilation of a technology commercialisation mission into the traditional academic missions of education and scientific discovery. To do this, universities must confront fundamental contradictions between learning, discovery, and commercialisation.
“…The key challenge for responsive research is to establish a balance and to avoid making the innovation process too bureaucratic and making sure that each scientist has a room for initiative. Ziamou (2002) showed that successful commercialization of new technologies is the riskiest and most rewarding form of new product development activity. He put that new technologies are often commercialized using innovative interfaces that determine how consumers interact with a new product to obtain its functionality.…”
This article shows a side segment of efforts toward finding ways to successfully commercialize a high tech product in Iran. During last decades, sanctions against importing petrochemical most used and needed utilities caused difficulties for Iranian petrochemical production chain. Inconveniences provoked Iranian specialists to achieve technical knowledge toward finding new ways of local producing. Attempting(s) had been encompassed to complete the whole chain of production and consumption inside of the country. Concepts implicate that during recent years, Iranian specialists have taken special steps toward localizing needed catalysts as an example of important commodities. Considerable amount of analyses have been made by Iranian petrochemical community probing the problems and obstacles associated with successful producing and what it really takes for a successful commercialization. Thematic analysis has been implicated as the research method to evaluate concepts represented as interviewees' analyzed declarations. Themes are analyzed toward mapping a successful merging with parties involved along with focusing on national commercializing streamline. Findings show that the idea of executing venture capital agencies as a new sector in the sequence of Iranian governmental and private petrochemical network has been appraised. Also, evaluating network management between parties involved and ways of policy making by the expert individuals are considered as the foremost factors to converse. Benchmarking feels as a necessary aspect as well to consider in the merging process. It has been concluded vital for Iranian companies to assess their own efficiency with accepted international standards, while on the other hand, they can take benchmark as a coming out opportunity when they commercialize in new intact market cooperating with renowned foreign companies.Keywords: commercialization management, policy making, Iranian oil and gas network, benchmarking * Acknowledgements: Many thanks to the whole interviewees who patiently answered our questions. Surely the guidance we receive from experts will make the road open for the future success. It is not possible to acknowledge contributors entirely in here but in a very brief sum up: GAHAR CERAM, the pioneer catalyst and absorbent Co.; BONYAN SHIMI Co.; National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Co.; PETROTAT;
“…Ostund, 1974), perceived risk would also affect consumer's perception of attributes of an innovation (Ko et al, 2008). Ziamou (2002) found that consumers find more uncertainty in innovations that do not provide consumer with new functionality, but rather change the interface of already existing functionality in technological markets. In other words, not all the dimensions of perceived risk may have influences on innovative products.…”
Smart clothing represents the future of both the textile/clothing industry and electronic industry and has an effort to make electronic devices a genuine part of our daily life. The researches about technologies innovation and application of smart clothing can be found in previous studies. But consumer researches about perception or attitude toward smart clothing can be hardly found. Therefore, we proposed a conceptual framework that explores the impact of perceived risks on perceived attributes to adopt smart clothing. In addition, we compared differences of this framework among three counties -Korea, U.S. and Spain. Based on the literature review and hypotheses development, a research model was constructed. After data analysis using Amos 7.0, the results can be concluded as following: First, the influences of psychological risk among Korea, U.S. and Spain are same. Psychological risk has negative effect on relative advantage and complexity, but has positive effect on trialability. Second, loss risk was found to have nothing to do with relative advantage. But it negatively influences complexity for Korean consumers and positively influences trialability for both Korean and American consumers. Third, the influences of performance risk for different consumers are different. At last, based on our discussion, some implications were also concluded.
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