Commercial gas production from Messoyakha deposit in hydrate conditions

Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: Prospects and challenges

“…Since the occurrence of hydrate resource was discovered in 1967 [46], many have attempted to assess the total amount of natural gas hydrate on earth. These estimations typically focus on three key points: (1) how and how much methane originates in the natural environment; (2) how thick the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHSZ) is and how does methane reach this zone; (3) how saturated the natural sediments in the GHSZ are with methane hydrate [41].…”

“…The geology of the field has been identified to consist of unseparated gas hydrate and free gas layers [188,189]. It has been claimed that the field has a cumulative gas production of 12.9 Â 10 9 m 3 thus far, with 5.4 Â 10 9 m 3 obtained via hydrate decomposition using the method of depressurization [46]. However, the reported amount of water produced from this reservoir is at least 3 orders of magnitude lower than what is expected to be produced during hydrate decomposition.…”

Replacement micro-mechanism of CH4 hydrate by N2/CO2 mixture revealed by ab initio studies

“…Due to the huge reserves and high energy density [3][4][5], natural methane hydrates are potentially regarded as a strategic energy resource, which have attracted increasing interest worldwide [6][7][8]. To exploit CH 4 form the hydrates, several methods such as thermal treatment, depressurizing, and the addition of inhibitors into the hydrate layer, have been proposed [7,9,10]. However, these methods are based on the decomposition of the hydrates by external stimulations, which may lead to geological disasters such as earthquakes and submarine landslides [11][12][13][14].…”

Effect of geological layers on hydrate dissociation in natural gas hydrate reservoirs

“…These gas hydrates are considered to be a new source of fossil energy (Makogon and Omelchenko, 2013;Riedel et al, 2006;Milkov, 2003). The hydrate formation and dissociation is described by the reaction:…”