Commercial Exploitation of Zooplankton in the Norwegian Sea

Grimaldo, Eduardo; Gjøsund, Svein Helge

doi:10.5772/36099

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, harvest at this trophic level needs to be managed in a way that does not disrupt the balance in the system. In the Norwegian Sea, a trial fishery for the copepod Calanus finmarchicus has been active for the last decade or so (Grimaldo and Gjøsund, 2012). Recently, a commercial quota was set for this species but with area-based restrictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Scenarios Under Climate Change – A Study of the Nordic and Barents Seas

et al. 2019

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The effects of increasing fishing pressure in combination with temperature increases in the Nordic and Barents Seas have been evaluated using an end-to-end model for the area forced by a downscaled RCP 4.5 climate scenario. The scenarios that have been applied have used four different fractions of fisheries mortality at maximum sustainable yield (Fmsy); 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.1 × Fmsy. As it is highly likely that more ecosystem components will be harvested in the future, the four scenarios have been repeated with fishing on a larger number of ecosystem components, including harvesting of lower trophic levels (mesozooplankton and mesopelagic fish). The zooplankton biomass had an increasing trend, regardless of the increase in fishing pressure on their predators. However, when introducing harvest on the lower trophic levels, this increase was no longer evident. When harvesting more components, the negative response in biomass of pelagic and demersal fish to increasing harvest became more prominent, indicating an increasing vulnerability in the ecosystem structure to stressors. Although harvest on lower trophic level led to an immense increase in the total catch, it also resulted in a decrease in the total catches of pelagic and demersal fish, despite more species being harvested in these guilds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Scenarios Under Climate Change – A Study of the Nordic and Barents Seas

et al. 2019

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“…finmarchicus in eastern part of the Norwegian Sea. This fishery is presently small scale, but is expected to increase in quantity and geographic extent the coming years [ 31 ]. The total allowable catch for harvesting C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics modeling of the annual consumption of zooplankton by pelagic fish feeding in the Northeast Atlantic

et al. 2018

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The present study uses bioenergetics modeling to estimate the annual consumption of the main zooplankton groups by some of the most commercially important planktivorous fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, namely Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring (Clupea harengus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and NEA mackerel (Scomber scombrus). The data was obtained from scientific surveys in the main feeding area (Norwegian Sea) in the period [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010]. By incorporating novel information about ambient temperature, seasonal growth and changes in the diet from stomach content analyses, annual consumption of the different zooplankton groups by pelagic fish is estimated. The present study estimates higher consumption estimates than previous studies for the three species and suggests that fish might have a greater impact on the zooplankton community as foragers. This way, NEA mackerel, showing the highest daily consumption rates, and NSS herring, annually consume around 10 times their total biomass, whereas blue whiting consume about 6 times their biomass in zooplankton. The three species were estimated to consume an average of 135 million (M) tonnes of zooplankton each year, consisting of 53-85 M tonnes of copepods, 20-32 M tonnes of krill, 8-42 M tonnes of appendicularians and 0.2-1.2 M tonnes of fish, depending on the year. For NSS herring and NEA mackerel the main prey groups are calanoids and appendicularians, showing a peak in consumption during June and June-July, respectively, and suggesting high potential for inter-specific feeding competition between these species. In contrast, blue whiting maintain a low consumption rate from April to September, consuming mainly larger euphausiids. Our results suggest that the three species can coexist regardless of their high abundance, zooplankton consumption rates and overlapping diet. Accordingly, the species might have niche segregation, as they are species specific, showing annual and inter-annual variability in total consumption of the different prey species. These estimates and their inter-annual and interspecific variation are fundamental for understanding fundamental pelagic predator-prey interactions as well as to inform advanced multispecies ecosystem models.PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone

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“…However, even at the lower food chain level they can accumulate heavy metals, organo-chlorides, dioxins and other harmful compounds, thus can be a problem if not analyzed rigorously [43]. However, at low quantities their risk is minimum when compared to higher food chain levels [44].…”

Section: Plankton Wild Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, there are plankton specialized fisheries, where the harvest of the targeted species uses scientific data to harvest the adults in one specific season, with equipment to collect the plankton desired. For example, this happens in the Norwegian region from 1950 until today [44].…”

Section: Plankton Wild Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton: Environmental and Economic Importance for a Sustainable Future

Araújo¹,

Pacheco²,

Cotas³

et al. 2022

Plankton Communities

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Plankton is composed by unicellular, filamentous or colonial organisms that may have prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell structures. These organisms have an extreme ecological importance in the different water bodies worldwide, as they fix carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and are an important key element in the basis of various food chains. Through an industrial perspective, phytoplankton species have been used as a feedstock for a wide range of applications, such as wastewater treatment, or production of high value compounds; and commercial products, such as food and feed supplements, pharmacological compounds, lipids, enzymes, biomass, polymers, toxins, pigments. Zooplankton is commonly used as live food for larval stages to the period of termination of fish, shrimp, mollusks and corals. These types of organisms have characteristics such as a valuable nutritional composition, digestibility, buoyancy, ease of ingestion and attractive movement for post-larvae, thus presenting economic importance. This book chapter aims to demonstrate the several advantages that plankton have, their ecological and economic importance, targeting the production of add-value products.

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Commercial Exploitation of Zooplankton in the Norwegian Sea

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Management Scenarios Under Climate Change – A Study of the Nordic and Barents Seas

Management Scenarios Under Climate Change – A Study of the Nordic and Barents Seas

Bioenergetics modeling of the annual consumption of zooplankton by pelagic fish feeding in the Northeast Atlantic

Plankton: Environmental and Economic Importance for a Sustainable Future

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