Commercial determinants of health: advertising of alcohol and unhealthy foods during sporting events

Ireland, Robin; Bunn, Christopher; Reith, Gerda; Philpott, Matthew; Capewell, Simon; Boyland, Emma; Chambers, Stephanie

doi:10.2471/blt.18.220087

Cited by 49 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Most simply, CDoH were termed "factors that influence health which stem from the profit motive" by West and Marteau [42]. This definition was referenced in three other texts [19,27,30]. Kickbusch et al [19] emphasized that this definition fails to distinguish between companies selling health-harming and health-promoting products.…”

Section: Defining Commercial Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corporations reportedly favor personal responsibility for health over regulation [6,27,33,34]. Hastings [5] suggested public health professionals need to drive a swing away from corporate capitalism towards economic systems that better promote public health.…”

Section: Other Macro-level Conditions Constituting Cdohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-regulation by industry was perceived as being the prominent model of regulation [16,31,33]. Corporations reportedly stave off public regulation via self-regulation [25,33] and other methods [16,25,27,30,31,33,34,37,39,43].…”

Section: Other Macro-level Conditions Constituting Cdohmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review

Lacy-Vawdon

Livingstone

2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: Despite increasing attention to the social determinants of health in recent decades, globally there is an unprecedented burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Recently, the corporate and commercial conditions associated with these, commercial determinants of health (CDoH), have also begun to receive attention. This research aims to articulate the CDoH as described in the literature, summarize substantive findings, and assess strengths and limitations of current literature. Methods: Systematic review of formal (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Global Health) and grey literature (database, Google Advanced, targeted website, citation searching). Searching identified 125 texts for full-text review, with 33 included for final review. Data extracted were analyzed thematically. Results: The dynamics constituting CDoH include broad facilitators such as globalization of trade, corporate structures, and regulatory systems, articulation of social and economic power, neoliberal and capitalist ideologies; additional elements include corporate activities such as marketing, corporate political activities, corporate social responsibility, extensive supply chains, harmful products and production, and issues of accessibility. These contribute significantly to worsened global health outcomes. Conclusions: Literature describing effects of macro conditions and corporate activities on health could usefully utilize CDoH terminology. Facilitation via revised, consistent and operational definition of CDoH would assist. Social, political, commercial and economic structures and relations of CDoH are under-theorized. Systematic approaches to identifying, describing, and disrupting these are required to improve global health.

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Section: Defining Commercial Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Macro-level Conditions Constituting Cdohmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review

Lacy-Vawdon

Livingstone

2020

BMC Public Health

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“…The high number of promotional tweets is unsurprising, given the global in uence of commercial interests, and the rising awareness in public health of commercial determinants of health (29,30). In particular, the heavy presence of the food and drink industry on SM platforms for marketing purposes is well documented (10,24,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who is Sharing Physical Activity, Diet and Weight Loss Information on Twitter? An Exploratory Thematic and Source Analysis of Tweets

O'Kane

McKinley

Gough

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundSocial media platforms such as Twitter are used increasingly to consume and share information, including health-related information. Previous research has analysed the obesity conversation on Twitter, but no work to date has explored content related to specific contributing health behaviours, such as physical activity, diet and weight loss. The aim of this study was to identify the content and source of physical activity, diet and weight loss information on Twitter, in order to identify common content and sources of these tweets.Methods Exploratory thematic and source analysis was conducted on tweets containing the words “physical activity”, “diet”, or “weight loss”, collected over a 7-day period in March 2017. Sources were coded as professional, non-professional, or information intermediaries (non-protected titles and potentially misleading terms, such as ‘personal trainer’). Tweets were coded as educational (news and research, guidelines and recommendations), or non-educational (promotional, conversational, behavioural, or directing to another platform).ResultsA 1% sample of tweets (n=1,433) was analysed. The majority of tweets (69.2%) were related to diet, and most tweets were non-educational in nature. Among non-educational tweets, promotion of products or services was the most commonly identified theme (33.4%). Educational tweets comprised just under a third of the sample, and most of these (96.8%; n=455) came from non-professionals or information intermediaries. Most of the educational tweets from a non-professional source (74.0%; n=296) were providing advice in the form of recommendations or guidelines. Only 1.3% of all tweets came from a professional source. ConclusionsOnly 3% of the educational information shared on Twitter regarding physical activity, diet and weight loss came from a professional source. This suggests that Twitter users are at high risk of receiving information from non-professional sources, which may include non-evidence-based information or potentially harmful misinformation.

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“…More broadly, global action is needed to eliminate the advertising and marketing of harmful products, including unhealthy food products, at sporting events [19,20]. This would require global sporting bodies such as the International Olympic Committee and FIFA to play their parts in addressing the issue at hand [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Children and Their Mothers, Building Allies and Marginalising Opposition: An Analysis of Two Coca-Cola Public Relations Requests for Proposals

Wood

Ruskin²,

Sacks

2019

IJERPH

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The study provides direct evidence of the goals of food-industry-driven public relations (PR) campaigns. Two PR requests for proposals created for The Coca-Cola Company (Coke) were analysed. One campaign related to the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, the other related to the 2013–2014 Movement is Happiness campaign. Supplementary data were obtained from a search of business literature. The study found that Coke specifically targeted teenagers and their mothers as part of the two PR campaigns. Furthermore, Coke was explicit in its intentions to build allies, particularly with key media organisations, and to marginalise opposition. This study highlights how PR campaigns by large food companies can be used as vehicles for marketing to children, and for corporate political activity. Given the potential threats posed to populations’ health, the use of PR agencies by food companies warrants heightened scrutiny from the public-health community, and governments should explore policy action in this area.

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Commercial determinants of health: advertising of alcohol and unhealthy foods during sporting events

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review

Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review

Who is Sharing Physical Activity, Diet and Weight Loss Information on Twitter? An Exploratory Thematic and Source Analysis of Tweets

Targeting Children and Their Mothers, Building Allies and Marginalising Opposition: An Analysis of Two Coca-Cola Public Relations Requests for Proposals

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