Comments on Thrombosis After Vaccination: The Leader Sequence of the Spike Protein Might Be Responsible for Thrombosis and Antibody-Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Mustafa, Zhadyra; Burster, Timo

doi:10.1089/vim.2021.0118

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Therefore, the SP formed by Ad26.COV2.S is both membrane-bound and non-fusogenic, while the SP expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 retains fusogenicity (49) and may be variably soluble as well (see section "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a potential polyanion") (50). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 contains a leader sequence at the N-terminal consisting of a signal peptide of human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (16,51,52), which purportedly increases immunogenicity (16). The tPA leader sequence is expressed and acts as a signaling sequence to traffic its attached protein via the cell secretion pathway.…”

Section: Attributes Of Covid-19 Vaccines In Correlation To Vittmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: what do we know hitherto?

Roytenberg

Garcı́a-Sastre

2023

Front. Med.

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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), also known as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, is a catastrophic and life-threatening reaction to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, which occurs disproportionately in response to vaccination with non-replicating adenovirus vector (AV) vaccines. The mechanism of VITT is not well defined and it has not been resolved why cases of VITT are predominated by vaccination with AV vaccines. However, virtually all VITT patients have positive platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody titers. Subsequently, platelets are activated and depleted in an Fcγ-receptor IIa (FcγRIIa or CD32a)-dependent manner, but it is not clear why or how the anti-PF4 response is mounted. This review describes the pathogenesis of VITT and provides insight into possible mechanisms that prompt the formation of a PF4/polyanion complex, which drives VITT pathology, as an amalgam of current experimental data or hypotheses.

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