Comments on the Optical Constants of Metals and an Introduction to the Data for Several Metals

Lynch, David W.; Hunter, W. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-054721-3.50017-4

Cited by 209 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…5 The potential of this approach to achieve comparable device performance to conventional device architectures based on a conducting oxide window electrode has been demonstrated in wholly vacuum deposited small molecule OPVs by the group of Leo, 6 using Ag as the base metal for the transparent electrode. Ag is the metal of choice for this application because it has the highest conductivity 7 and the lowest optical absorbance 8 of the earth abundant metals over the visible spectrum, combined with relatively high stability toward oxidation in air. However, Ag also has a high surface energy and so thin films of this metal have a high percolation thickness of >10 nm, below which they form a discontinuous island like structure which is poorly conductive, and strongly absorbs visible light due to excitation of localized surface plasmons.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Applicable Coinage Metal Window Electrodes on Flexible Polyester Substrates Applied to Organic Photovoltaics

Stec

Hatton

2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The fabrication, exceptional properties, and application of 8 nm thick Cu, Ag, Au, and Cu/Ag bilayer electrodes on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates is reported. These electrodes are fabricated using a solvent free process in which the plastic surface is chemically modified with a molecular monolayer of thiol and amine terminated alkylsilanes prior to metal deposition. The resulting electrodes have a sheet resistance of ≤14 Ω sq–1, are exceptionally robust and can be rapidly thermally annealed at 200 °C to reduce their sheet resistance to ≤9 Ω sq–1. Notably, annealing Au electrodes briefly at 200 °C causes the surface to revert almost entirely to the {111} face, rendering it ideal as a model electrode for fundamental science and practical application alike. The power conversion efficiency of 1 cm2 organic photovoltaics (OPVs) employing 8 nm Ag and Au films as the hole-extracting window electrode exhibit performance comparable to those on indium–tin oxide, with the advantage that they are resistant to repeated bending through a small radius of curvature and are chemically well-defined. OPVs employing Cu and bilayer Cu:Ag electrodes exhibit inferior performance due to a lower open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Measurements of the interfacial energetics made using the Kelvin probe technique provide insight into the physical reason for this difference. The results show how coinage metal electrodes offer a viable alternative to ITO on flexible substrates for OPVs and highlight the challenges associated with the use of Cu as an electrode material in this context.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Applicable Coinage Metal Window Electrodes on Flexible Polyester Substrates Applied to Organic Photovoltaics

Stec

Hatton

2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…We choose the value ' g ¼ 0.17 eV from ref. 56. Interband effects are not included, since for Na their effects in the visible range are negligible 57 .…”

Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms8132mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance shifts and spill-out effects in self-consistent hydrodynamic nanoplasmonics

et al. 2015

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The standard hydrodynamic Drude model with hard-wall boundary conditions can give accurate quantitative predictions for the optical response of noble-metal nanoparticles. However, it is less accurate for other metallic nanosystems, where surface effects due to electron density spill-out in free space cannot be neglected. Here we address the fundamental question whether the description of surface effects in plasmonics necessarily requires a fully quantum-mechanical ab initio approach. We present a self-consistent hydrodynamic model (SC-HDM), where both the ground state and the excited state properties of an inhomogeneous electron gas can be determined. With this method we are able to explain the size-dependent surface resonance shifts of Na and Ag nanowires and nanospheres. The results we obtain are in good agreement with experiments and more advanced quantum methods. The SC-HDM gives accurate results with modest computational effort, and can be applied to arbitrary nanoplasmonic systems of much larger sizes than accessible with ab initio methods.

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“…The work described below is based on arrays of circular silver discs (typically diameter d ∼ 85 nm, height h ∼ 30 nm). In figure 1 we show the (a) extinction cross-section (black solid line) and (b) phase of the polarizability (purple solid line) calculated for an isolated disc using (3) and (7); the permittivity for silver is taken from [43], the particles were assumed to be embedded in a medium of refractive index 1.515. Also shown in figure 1 are the spectral positions of the diffraction edges that correspond to the periods of the arrays studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic surface lattice resonances in arrays of metallic nanoparticle dimers

Humphrey

Barnes

2016

J. Opt.

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Abstract. We investigate the optical response of square arrays of metallic nanoparticles where each lattice site is occupied by two particles, a dimer. In particular we examine the surface lattice resonances arising in these structures when the inplane dipole moments associated with the plasmon modes of the nanoparticles couple together. The addition of a second particle to the basis leads to a more complex optical response, one that is anisotropic in the plane of the array. Extinction spectra are recorded at normal incidence for different orientations of the incident electric field. We compare our experimentally derived data with those from a coupled-dipole model. We show how the separation between the particles that comprise the dimer helps determine the overall response of the system.

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Comments on the Optical Constants of Metals and an Introduction to the Data for Several Metals

Cited by 209 publications

References 153 publications

Widely Applicable Coinage Metal Window Electrodes on Flexible Polyester Substrates Applied to Organic Photovoltaics

Widely Applicable Coinage Metal Window Electrodes on Flexible Polyester Substrates Applied to Organic Photovoltaics

Resonance shifts and spill-out effects in self-consistent hydrodynamic nanoplasmonics

Plasmonic surface lattice resonances in arrays of metallic nanoparticle dimers

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