“…Ensuite, 1. INTRODUCTION (1971); Hanke and Scherzer (2001); Kantz and Schreiber (2004)) to a variety of problems in engineering (see, e.g., Diop, Grizzle, Moraal, and Stefanopoulou (1994); Levant (2003); Mboup, Join, and Fliess (2007); Mboup et al (2020); Reger, Sira-Ramírez, and Fliess (2005); Wang, Zheng, Efimov, and Perruquetti (2018)). Estimating derivatives is, however, a challenging and ill-posed problem in the sense that a small error in the measured signal can yield notable errors in the approximated derivatives.…”