Comments on Cheshire et al. (PAIN, 59 (1994) 65–69)

Genetic Loci Affecting Resistance to Human Malaria Parasites in a West African Mosquito Vector Population

“…Far higher parasite intensities can be achieved in laboratory infections of mosquitoes, particularly when genetically selected susceptible lines are used (7,8). Natural resistance alleles that limit parasite development in the vector, such as those described here, may prove to be an important factor underlying the small numbers of oocysts observed in wild infected mosquitoes.…”

“…The probes were designed to have similar melting temperatures and to avoid runs of As and Ts but otherwise to be as different from each other as possible. A total of 4167 single-stranded probes were designed (7), manufactured by means of photosensitive DNA synthesis technology (8), and positioned by Affymetrix onto a prototype array that also included 395,833 probes for ϳ80,000 different cDNAs from human tissues.…”

“…In addition, mosquito immune genes respond transcriptionally to malaria parasite infection (4)(5)(6), indicating that malaria parasites are detected by mosquito immune surveillance. Inbred lines selected from mosquito colonies can inhibit parasite development through at least two distinct mechanisms: melanotic encapsulation and intracellular lysis (7,8). Therefore, selective pressure by parasite infection could drive the natural selection of resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes.…”

From (Someone Else's) Cold, Dead Hands: Disarming the PLCAA With the Sales and Marketing Predicate Exception Post Soto v. Bushmaster

“…72 A 1983 study published by the Rand Corporation "conclude[d] that, for most companies, liability was the single greatest factor influencing product design." 73 According to Professor Jon Vernick:…”