Commentary: Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Cytokine Storm Associated With Coronavirus Disease-2019

Bifulco, Maurizio; Fiore, Donatella; Piscopo, Chiara; Gazzerro, Patrizia; Proto, Maria

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.631646

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Intensive activation of CB1 receptors can be associated with lung injury, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as increased pro-inflammatory factors in the lungs [44]. Weakening of the immune system caused by the use of cannabinoids is a potential risk factor for pneumonia and viral infections [18].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cannabinoids undoubtedly affect immunomodulatory responses in the respiratory system, showing significant anti-inflammatory properties, the current conclusions are majorly drawn from preclinical studies. There is still not enough data concerning the optimal dosage and treatment regimens of CBD and THC [18]. There is a pressing need for preclinical and clinical trials involving the influence of cannabinoids in SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequently patients experience anosmia and ageusia, which mean the loss of smell and taste, respectively, suggesting the neuroinvasive potential of the virus [16,17]. The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia in the course of a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation, which ultimately lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure and death [18]. People with a severe course of COVID-19 most often have at least one comorbid disease, such as hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Janecki

Graczyk

Lewandowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus made it necessary to search for new options for both causal treatment and mitigation of its symptoms. Scientists and researchers around the world are constantly looking for the best therapeutic options. These difficult circumstances have also spurred the re-examination of the potential of natural substances contained in Cannabis sativa L. Cannabinoids, apart from CB1 and CB2 receptors, may act multifacetedly through a number of other receptors, such as the GPR55, TRPV1, PPARs, 5-HT1A, adenosine and glycine receptors. The complex anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of cannabinoids have been confirmed by interactions with various signaling pathways. Considering the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes excessive immune response and triggers an inflammatory cascade, and that cannabinoids have the ability to regulate these processes, it can be assumed that they have potential to be used in the treatment of COVID-19. During the pandemic, there were many publications on the subject of COVID-19, which indicate the potential impact of cannabinoids not only on the course of the disease, but also their role in prevention. It is worth noting that the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential are shown not only by well-known cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), but also secondary cannabinoids, such as cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and terpenes, emphasizing the role of all of the plant’s compounds and the entourage effect. This article presents a narrative review of the current knowledge in this area available in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science medical databases.

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Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Janecki

Graczyk

Lewandowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Among COVID-19 patients, the use of CBD can be beneficial against the cytokine release syndrome but should be proved by clinical trials. CBD has been recently considered as a possible drug in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 ( 41 – 43 ). This molecule can decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines responsible for inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 4 ).…”

Section: Cbd and The Cytokine Storm In Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vallée

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Cannabidiol (CBD) can prevent the inflammatory response of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Caco-2-cells. This action is coupled with the inhibition of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha, responsible for the inflammatory process during SARS-CoV-2 infection. CBD can act on the different proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 and as an antiviral agent to prevent the viral infection. Furthermore, recent studies have shown the possible action of CBD as an antagonist of cytokine release syndromes. In the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) seems to be the key cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ interact in an opposite manner in many diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. CBD exerts its activity through the interaction with PPARγ in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, we can hypothesize that CBD may counteract the inflammatory process of SARS-CoV-2 by its interactions with both ACE2 and the interplay between the WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ. Vaccines are the only way to prevent COVID-19, but it appears important to find therapeutic complements to treat patients already affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The possible role of CBD should be investigated by clinical trials to show its effectiveness.

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“…Although CBD's well‐known anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities have candidate it as a potential drug in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following COVID‐19 infection (Bifulco et al, 2021; Nagarkatti et al, 2020), it is a possible protective effect, as well as the role of SARS‐CoV‐2 SP at the level of the intestine epithelium, remains obscure. To this aim, the present study focuses on investigating the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 SP on NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation and relative molecular mechanisms responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 SP‐induced cytotoxic damage on cultured Caco‐2 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol inhibits SARS‐Cov‐2 spike (S) protein‐induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARγ‐dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase‐1 signaling suppression in Caco‐2 cell line

Corpetti

Seguella

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Given the abundancy of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors density, beyond the lung, the intestine is considered as an alternative site of infection and replication for severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been proposed in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory symptoms because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity exerted in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated the in vitro PPAR-γ-dependent efficacy of CBD (10 À9 -10 À7 M) in preventing epithelial damage and hyperinflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) in a Caco-2 cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that CBD was able to reduce all the analyzed proinflammatory markers triggered by SP incubation, such as tool-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), ACE-2, family members of Ras homologues A-GTPase (RhoA-GTPase), inflammasome complex (NLRP3), and Caspase-1. CBD caused a parallel inhibition of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. By immunofluorescence analysis, we observed increased expression of tight-junction proteins and restoration of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) following CBD treatment, as well as the rescue of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability induced by SP. Our data indicate, in conclusion, that CBD is a powerful inhibitor of SP protein enterotoxicity in vitro.

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Commentary: Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Cytokine Storm Associated With Coronavirus Disease-2019

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cannabidiol and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cannabidiol inhibits SARS‐Cov‐2 spike (S) protein‐induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARγ‐dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase‐1 signaling suppression in Caco‐2 cell line

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