[Commentary] TIME FOR A CHANGE OF PERSPECTIVE ON BEHAVIOUR CHANGE INTERVENTIONS?

ADAMS, JEAN

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02620.x

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…they ‘discount’ the value of future rewards 4 . Importantly, time-discounting differs from ‘time preference’, which describes whether and how people consider events in the past, present and future when making decisions 5 . Instead, time-discounting captures the degree to which people devalue rewards with every additional unit of delay—a parameter known as the ‘discount rate’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-discounting and tobacco smoking: a systematic review and network analysis

et al. 2016

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Background: Tobacco smoking harms health, so why do people smoke and fail to quit? An explanation originating in behavioural economics suggests a role for time-discounting, which describes how the value of a reward, such as better health, decreases with delay to its receipt. A large number of studies test the relationship of time-discounting with tobacco outcomes but the temporal pattern of this relationship and its variation according to measurement methods remain unclear. We review the association between time-discounting and smoking across (i) the life course, from initiation to cessation, and (ii) diverse discount measures. Methods: We identified 69 relevant studies in Web of Science and PubMed. We synthesized findings across methodologies and evaluated discount measures, study quality and cross-disciplinary fertilization. Results: In 44 out of 54 studies, smokers more greatly discounted the future than non-smokers and, in longitudinal studies, higher discounting predicted future smoking. Smokers with lower time-discount rates achieved higher quit rates. Findings were consistent across studies measuring discount rates using hypothetical monetary or cigarette reward scenarios. The methodological quality of the majority of studies was rated as ‘moderate’ and co-citation analysis revealed an isolation of economics journals and a dearth of studies in public health. Conclusion: There is moderate yet consistent evidence that high time-discounting is a risk factor for smoking and unsuccessful cessation. Policy scenarios assuming a flat rate of population discounting may inadequately capture smokers’ perceptions of costs and benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-discounting and tobacco smoking: a systematic review and network analysis

et al. 2016

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“…We know from some of this research that those smokers with a more future-oriented time perspective are more likely to quit, and once they quit they are more likely to maintain this status (Adams, 2009b). Prior to the current study, however, the mechanism by which time perspective generates more quit attempts and other cessation-related outcomes was unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that smoking carries significant long-term health risks, it has been argued that those with a less future-oriented perspective might be prone to smoking uptake. Conversely, because smoking cessation carries significant health benefits that are to be realized in the future, a future-oriented focus might increase the likelihood of quit attempts among current smokers (Adams, 2009b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do time perspective and sensation-seeking predict quitting activity among smokers? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

Hall

Fong

Yong

et al. 2012

Addictive Behaviors

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Personality factors such as time perspective and sensation-seeking have been shown to predict smoking uptake. However, little is known about the influences of these variables on quitting behavior, and no prior studies have examined the association cross-nationally in a large probability sample. In the current study it was hypothesized that future time perspective would enhance – while sensation-seeking would inhibit – quitting activity among smokers. It was anticipated that the effects would be similar across English speaking countries. Using a prospective cohort design, this cross-national study of adult smokers (N=8845) examined the associations among time perspective, sensation-seeking and quitting activity using the first three waves of data gathered from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4), a random digit dialed telephone survey of adult smokers from the United Kingdom, United States, Canada and Australia. Findings revealed that future time perspective (but not sensation-seeking) was a significant predictor of quitting attempts over the 8-month follow-up after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, factors known to inhibit quitting (e.g., perceived addiction, enjoyment of smoking, and perceived value of smoking), and factors known to enhance quitting (e.g., quit intention strength, perceived benefit of quitting, concerns about health effects of smoking). The latter, particularly intention, were significant mediators of the effect of time perspective on quitting activity. The effects of time perspective on quitting activity were similar across all four English speaking countries sampled. If these associations are causal in nature, it may be the case that interventions and health communications that enhance future-orientation may foster more quit attempts among current smokers.

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“…However, in all cases, researchers have reported some conceptual or measurement difficulties with these measures (see for example McKay, Worrell, Temple, Perry, & Cole, 2014b;. It has been suggested that the difficulties operationalizing time perspective have limited its utility in psychological research, and to a large extent these difficulties remain (Adams, 2009;Shipp et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%