Commentary: Theileria Parasites Secrete a Prolyl Isomerase to Maintain Host Leukocyte Transformation

Mutation or not, what directly establishes a neoplastic state, namely cellular immortality and autonomy, still remains unknown and should be prioritized in our research

“…Many things, such as chronic viral or bacterial infections, treatments with certain drugs, exposures to certain environmental pollutants, etc., may be such extrinsic factors that coerce cells into outgrowing and manifesting neoplastic features. For example, chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori (HP) can result in low-grade lymphomas [624][625][626][627][628][629][630], chronic infection by human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) can cause lymphoma or leukemia [631][632][633], and infection by parasite theileria can transform bovine leukocytes into disseminating tumors [634][635][636]. However, therapeutic removal of these causal pathogens can cure these tumors, leastways at an early stage.…”

The Good, the Bad and the Tick

“…The human homolog of Pin1 is overexpressed in breast cancer, increases the transcriptional activity of c-Jun and promotes tumor growth (Wulf et al, 2001). It turned out that by interacting and inducing the degradation of FBW7 protein, which degrades c-Jun, Theileria 's Pin1 induces c-Jun accumulation and activates the oncogenic c-Jun pathway which in turn promote transformation (Marsolier et al, 2015; Fernandes et al, 2018).…”