Introduction: asymmetry of the foramen rotundum and of the foramen ovale has been singled out as a possible factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia -considering the affected side, the predominance of females affected, and the absence of a direct correlation with the classic presentation. The present morphometric study of the foramen rotundum and of the foramen ovale sought to assess the role of asymmetry and its incidence according to gender in the pathogenesis of primary trigeminal neuralgia. Materials and Methods: a total of 104 human skulls of both genders were used to study the morphometry of the foramina, taking into account the side and gender of the samples. The tabulation of data and statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Results: statistically relevant variations were observed in the foramen diameters between the right and left sides and the width of the right foramen rotundum, which was smaller in female specimens. Conclusions: there was asymmetry between the right and left sides of the skull, and the foramen rotundum was significantly smaller on the right side in females, which could explain the compressive neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve which develops in female patients.