Commentary: mechanistic considerations for associations between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Thompson, Chad M.; Grafström, Roland C.

doi:10.1186/1476-069x-8-53

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Marsh et al, 2007;Bosetti et al, 2008). Thompson and Grafstrom (2009) suggested that FA may exert an indirect influence in EBV reactivation through deregulation of nitrosothiol homeostasis and may also interact with the virus to promote epithelial cell transformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic and Immunological Effects Associated with Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure

Costa¹,

García-Lestón²,

Coelho³

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Formaldehyde (FA) is a widely used industrial chemical for which exposure is associated with nasopharyngeal and sinonasal cancer. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from human investigations, supporting studies on mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, and experimental evidence in animals, FA status was recently revised and reclassified as a human carcinogen. The highest level of exposure to FA occurs in occupational settings. Although several studies reported FA ability to induce genotoxic responses in exposed workers, not all findings were conclusive. In addition, published studies on the immunological effects of FA indicate that this compound may be able to modulate immune responses, although data in exposed subjects are still preliminary. In this study a group of pathology anatomy workers exposed to FA was evaluated for cytogenetic and immunological parameters. A control group with similar sociodemographic characteristics and without known occupational exposure to FA was also included. Genotoxicity was evaluated by means of micronucleus (MN) test, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and T-cell receptor (TCR) mutation assay. Percentages of different lymphocyte subpopulations were selected as immunotoxic biomarkers. The mean level of FA environmental exposure was 0.36 ± 0.03 ppm. MN and SCE frequencies were significantly increased in the exposed group. A significant decrease of the percentage of B cells in the exposed group was also found. Data obtained in this study indicate that genotoxic and immunotoxic increased risk due to FA occupational exposure cannot be excluded. Implementation of effective control measures along with hazard prevention campaigns may be crucial to decrease the risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic and Immunological Effects Associated with Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure

Costa¹,

García-Lestón²,

Coelho³

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…However, reduced Adh7 expression has been implicated in oncogenesis and might influence viral life cycles through increased S-nitrosylation and formaldehyde-induced changes in cellular redox. 38,39 By contrast, the down-regulation of SGT proteins remarkably enhances the activity of HIV-1 virus. 40 An in-depth analysis of other down-regulated genes showed that most of them participated in 3 IFN-regulated pathways: JAK-STAT, p38 MAPK and PI3K.…”

Section: Antiviral Response Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative protein profiling of B16 mouse melanoma cells susceptible and non-susceptible to alphavirus infection: Effect of the tumor microenvironment

Vasilevska

Souza

Stensland

et al. 2016

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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Alphavirus vectors are promising tools for cancer treatment. However, relevant entry mechanisms and interactions with host cells are still not clearly understood. The first step toward a more effective therapy is the identification of novel intracellular alterations that could be associated with cancer aggressiveness and could affect the therapeutic potential of these vectors. In this study, we observed that alphaviruses efficiently infected B16 mouse melanoma tumors/tumor cells in vivo, whereas their transduction efficiency in B16 cells under in vitro conditions was blocked. Therefore, we further aimed to understand the mechanisms pertaining to the differential transduction efficacy of alphaviruses in B16 tumor cells under varying growth conditions. We hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment might alter gene expression in B16 cells, leading to an up-regulation of the expression of virus-binding receptors or factors associated with virus entry and replication. To test our hypothesis, we performed a proteomics analysis of B16 cells cultured in vitro and of B16 cells isolated from tumors, and we identified 277 differentially regulated proteins. A further in-depth analysis to identify the biological and molecular functions of the detected proteins revealed a set of candidate genes that could affect virus infectivity. Importantly, we observed a decrease in the expression of interferon a (IFN-a) in tumor-isolated cells that resulted in the suppression of several IFN-regulated genes, thereby abrogating host cell antiviral defense. Additionally, differences in the expression of genes that regulate cytoskeletal organization caused significant alterations in cell membrane elasticity. Taken together, our findings demonstrated favorable intracellular conditions for alphavirus transduction/replication that occurred during tumor transformation. These results pave the way for optimizing the development of strategies for the application of alphaviral vectors as a potent cancer therapy.

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“…Previous research has hypothesized that formaldehyde causes DNA damage that in turn results in cancer. 35 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and salted fish or food consumption are also risk factors of nasopharyngeal cancer. 36 For example, nasopharyngeal cancer in southern Chinese patients was found to be associated with the consumption of a salted fish containing nitrosamine, a known carcinogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence and mortality among temporary maintenance workers in a refinery/petrochemical complex in Korea

Koh

Chung

Jang

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Commentary: mechanistic considerations for associations between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Cytogenetic and Immunological Effects Associated with Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure

Cytogenetic and Immunological Effects Associated with Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure

Comparative protein profiling of B16 mouse melanoma cells susceptible and non-susceptible to alphavirus infection: Effect of the tumor microenvironment

Cancer incidence and mortality among temporary maintenance workers in a refinery/petrochemical complex in Korea

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