Commentary: Managing Virtual Hybrid Psychiatrist-Patient Relationships in a Digital World

Lundin, Robert M; Menkes, David B

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.664778

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Substantial unmet need for treatment for mental disorders arises from problems of access, efficacy, and tolerability of conventional treatments [1,2]. These limitations have prompted the development and evaluation of novel interventions, including those based on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) [3,4]. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that VR and AR can be usefully applied to the treatment of various psychological disorders [5][6][7], mainly using versions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and the specific CBT technique of exposure therapy (ET) [8].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Virtual and Augmented Reality Interventions in Psychiatry: Systematic Review

Lundin¹,

Yeap²,

Menkes³

2023

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are emerging treatment modalities in psychiatry, which are capable of producing clinical outcomes broadly comparable to those achieved with standard psychotherapies. Objective Because the side effect profile associated with the clinical use of VR and AR remains largely unknown, we systematically reviewed available evidence of their adverse effects. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework across 3 mental health databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase) to identify VR and AR interventions targeting mental health diagnoses. Results Of 73 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 7 reported worsening clinical symptoms or an increased fall risk. Another 21 studies reported “no adverse effects” but failed to identify obvious adverse effects, mainly cybersickness, documented in their results. More concerningly, 45 of the 73 studies made no mention of adverse effects whatsoever. Conclusions An appropriate screening tool would help ensure that VR adverse effects are correctly identified and reported.

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