Commentary: Immunochemical Markers of the Amyloid Cascade in the Hippocampus in Motor Neuron Diseases

Johnson, Ian; Roodveldt, Cintia

doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00105

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These include, neurofilament aggregation, protein aggregation, genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, impaired axonal transport, apoptosis, genetic alterations, defects in neuroprotectants, and inflammatory dysfunctions (Durrenberger et al., 2015; Golde, 2009). Since these common features could indicate shared mechanisms in these two neurodegenerative diseases (Johnson & Roodveldt, 2017), there is a case for carrying out concurrent investigations on them. Here, we report on the cytokine changes associated with normal aging, AD, and MND.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal aging, motor neurone disease, and Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by cortical changes in inflammatory cytokines

Tennakoon

Katharesan

Musgrave

et al. 2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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The role of increased brain inflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here, we have compared cytokine changes in normal aging, motor neurone disease (MND), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). After an initial analysis, six candidate cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 6, 10, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1α, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, showing greatest changes were assayed in postmortem frozen human superior frontal gyri (n = 12) of AD patients, aging and young adult controls along with the precentral gyrus (n = 12) of MND patients. Healthy aging was associated with decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and FGF-2 levels. AD prefrontal cortex was associated with increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and FGF-2, with the largest increase seen for FGF-2. Notwithstanding differences in the specific frontal lobe gyrus sampled, MND patients' primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) was associated with increased levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and FGF-2 compared to the aging prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus). Immunocytochemistry showed that FGF-2 is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in normal aging prefrontal cortex, AD prefrontal cortex, and MND motor cortex. We report that healthy aging and agerelated neurodegenerative diseases have different cortical inflammatory signatures that are characterized by increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and call into question the view that increased inflammation underlies the development of agerelated neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%