Commentary: A challenge for a higher bar in research on childhood trauma – reflections on Danese (2020)

Widom, Cathy Spatz

doi:10.1111/jcpp.13195

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Chronbach's alpha, a measure of internal consistency, suffers from major limitations ( Sijtsma, 2009 ), and is not appropriate for testing small numbers of binary items that are not normally distributed ( McNeish, 2018 ). As described in a recent commentary on measurement of adverse childhood experiences, neglect takes many forms and as such inherently suffers from low internal consistency because components of neglect do not represent an internally consistent construct ( Widom, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the dynamic nature of stress exposure in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Keenan

Tung

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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Background The science of stress exposure and health in humans has been hampered by differences in operational definitions of exposures and approaches to defining timing, leading to results that lack consistency and specificity. In the present study we aim to empirically derive variability in type, timing and chronicity of stress exposure for Black and White females using prospectively collected data in the Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS). Methods The PGS is an ongoing 20-year longitudinal, community-based study. In this paper we focused on annual caregiver reports of three domains of stress: subsistence (e.g., resource strain, overcrowding); safety (e.g., community violence, inter-adult aggression), and caregiving (e.g., separation, maternal depression) from early childhood through adolescence. Z-scores were used to conduct a finite mixture model-based latent class trajectory analysis. Model fit was compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). We examined differences in timing and chronicity of stress exposure between Black and White girls. Results Distinct trajectory groups characterized by differential timing and chronicity of stress exposure were observed across all stress domains. Six trajectories characterized subsistence and safety stress, and five characterized caregiving stress. Variability in initial level, chronicity, and magnitude and timing of change was observed within and across domains of stressors. Race differences also varied across the domains: race differences in timing and chronicity were most pronounced for the subsistence and safety domains, whereas Black and White girls had similar levels of exposure to caregiving stress. Conclusions Substantial variability in timing and chronicity was observed within and across stress domains. Modeling specific domains and dimensions of stress exposure is likely important in testing associations between exposure and health; such specificity may lead to more effective deployment of preventive interventions based on stress exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the dynamic nature of stress exposure in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Keenan

Tung

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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“…Moreover, child abuse is associated with greater chronicity, severity and duration of depression [ 30 ]. While it has been established that child abuse increases depression, additional research is needed to understand how the adverse effects of child abuse may vary under certain conditions or contexts [ 31 ]. Child abuse can create a depressive state of sensitivity that can permeate throughout the course of life and become amplified or magnified in the face of more proximal stressors [ 27 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Depression Among Children and Adolescents—the Scale Of The P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing Violence among Children and Adolescents with Depression in the Aspect of Polish Law

Lewandowska¹,

Bliźniewska-Kowalska

Gałecki

et al. 2022

JCM

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Violence is not uncommon in the contemporary world. The consequences of harmful experiences in childhood are often educational problems, difficult behavior, failure to cope in adulthood, duplication of learned, negative behavior patterns and disorders in various spheres/areas of life. The experience of childhood violence is associated with the occurrence of about half of mental disorders with onset in childhood and one third of disorders that appear later in life. Various emotional and behavioral disorders are mentioned among the psychological effects of violence against a child, including depressive disorders. Regarding experiences of violence, there is strong evidence that exposure to sexual or physical violence is a predictor of depressive episodes and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Among adolescents, the impact of violence on depression has been shown to be sustained. Accordingly, evidence suggests that elevated depressive symptoms and episodes of depression may even persist for up to two years after experiencing cases of violence. Due to the destructive consequences of such behavior, international and national law devote much attention to the protection of children’s rights. Under Polish law, there are regulations describing measures of reaction within the family, as well as provisions sanctioning violent behavior. Therefore, the study discusses the family and criminal law aspects of violence against minors. The whole study is imbued with considerations of the so-called the obligation to denounce, i.e., to notify about the disclosure of a prohibited act committed to the detriment of minors. This issue was presented in the context of medical secrets and its type—psychiatric discretion.

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