Comment on “Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates”

Croon, Marcel B.; Hillier, John K.; Sclater, John G.

doi:10.1126/science.1193587

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We investigated the subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere and proposed, based on the sea-floor depth analysis, that it is driven by the underlying mantle convection (1). This approach, different from previous studies, is strongly criticized by Croon et al (2). Here, we provide answers to what they contend are shortcomings of our work.…”

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confidence: 41%

Response to Comment on “Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates”

Adam

Vidal

2011

Science

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Croon et al. challenge our conclusion that sea-floor depth variations are driven by the underlying mantle convection. We point out that, contrary to their claim, our data analysis is pertinent and that the sea-floor linear trend as the square root of the distance from the ridge is a robust observation. The mechanism responsible for this trend is an asthenospheric flow, faster than the overlying plate, which shapes the lithosphere structure. E ven if it is widely accepted that mantle convection exists, its causes and consequences are still subject to debate. We investigated the subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere and proposed, based on the sea-floor depth analysis, that it is driven by the underlying mantle convection (1). This approach, different from previous studies, is strongly criticized by Croon et al. (2). Here, we provide answers to what they contend are shortcomings of our work.Croon et al. first claim that our flow lines do not match the trajectories of our illustrative profiles. Our computation was based on the velocity grid obtained through the UNAVCO Plate Motion Calculator Site (1), for the NUVEL-1A kinematics model, in the No Net Rotation reference frame. We doubled-checked our trajectories estimation by refining the velocity grid step down to 10 km. We confirm that the trajectories shown in (1)-very similar to Croon et al.'s in the northern part-are correct. We would appreciate a deeper comparison between the methods in order to understand where the discrepancy comes from.We agree that one of the major problems when studying the sea-floor thermal subsidence is to remove from its topography all data that could be linked to any different process. In other words, "The central problem is in satisfactorily defining normal" (3). Many methods have been proposed to remove abnormal sea floor from the data sets, from statistics (4) to manual removal of topography (5). As pointed out by Kim and Wessel (6), robust methods for filtering the bathymetry do exist, but in any case, the use of a median filter alone is inadequate for removing the shallow topographic features. This point has been clearly demonstrated by several authors, including the authors of the comment (7). Indeed, the median filter has "a tendency to pass through topography" (7). It tends to overestimate the seafloor main trend, especially at old ages where these features are statistically concentrated (8), thus introducing an apparent "flattening." This artifact is enhanced by stacking the profiles [see figure 2A in (2)].In our study (1), we did not attempt to remove any "abnormal" sea floor on purpose. Because the wavelength of the intraplate anomalies is much shorter than the subsidence trend, they did not interfere with its visual determination (1). In Fig. 1, we show that, by using a method based on an adequate bathymetry filtering, the MiFil method (9), the trend can be automatically recovered in a reproducible way. The results from this method are in good agreement with our previous fit.The discussion of Croon et al. (2) on the short wa...

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confidence: 41%

Response to Comment on “Mantle Flow Drives the Subsidence of Oceanic Plates”

Adam

Vidal

2011

Science

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“…The asthenosphere‐drive force for oceanic plates is pertinent to recent discussions based on observed subsidence data that suggests the need for a mechanism other than slab‐pull or ridge‐push [ Adam and Vidal , 2010; Croon et al , 2011; Adam and Vidal , 2011]. The fact that recent data based studies are highlighting the need for plate driving forces beyond classic slab‐pull and ridge‐push demonstrates that, although the kinematics of plate tectonics are reasonably well understood, unraveling the dynamics of plate tectonics remains an active area of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous coupling at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary

Höink

Jellinek

Lenardic

2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] Tectonic plate motions reflect dynamical contributions from subduction processes (i.e., classical "slabpull" forces) and lateral pressure gradients within the asthenosphere ("asthenosphere-drive" forces), which are distinct from gravity forces exerted by elevated mid-ocean ridges (i.e., classical "ridge-push" forces).Here we use scaling analysis to show that the extent to which asthenosphere-drive contributes to plate motions depends on the lateral dimension of plates and on the relative viscosities and thicknesses of the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Whereas slab-pull forces always govern the motions of plates with a lateral extent greater than the mantle depth, asthenosphere-drive forces can be relatively more important for smaller (shorter wavelength) plates, large relative asthenosphere viscosities or large asthenosphere thicknesses. Published plate velocities, tomographic images and age-binned mean shear wave velocity anomaly data allow us to estimate the relative contributions of slab-pull and asthenosphere-drive forces for the motions of the Atlantic and Pacific plates. Whereas the Pacific plate is driven largely by slab pull, the Atlantic plate is predicted to be strongly driven by basal forces related to viscous coupling to strong asthenospheric flow, consistent with recent observations related to the stress state of North America. In addition, compared to the East Pacific Rise (EPR), the relatively large lateral pressure gradient near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is expected to produce significantly steeper dynamic topography. Thus, the relative importance of this platedriving force may partly explain why the flanking topography at the EPR is smoother than at the MAR. Our analysis also indicates that this plate-driving force was more significant, and heat loss less efficient, in Earth's hotter past compared with its cooler present state. This type of trend is consistent with thermal history modeling results which require less efficient heat transfer in Earth's past.

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“…surface topography. More recent analyses by Vidal (2010, 2011) have explored the validity, or not (Croon et al, 2011), of a revised interpretation of ocean-floor subsidence due to lithospheric cooling by again appealing to the influence of mantle flow in the asthenosphere. Possible causes for the deviation of oceanic bathymetry from that predicted by a simple cooling lithosphere model have been analyzed by Zhong et al (2007) and they considered 'reheating' of old lithosphere due to deeper mantle flow.…”

Section: Predicted Dynamic Surface Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%