Comment on American Diabetes Association. Approaches to Glycemic Treatment. Sec. 7. In <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2016</i>. Diabetes Care 2016;39(Suppl. 1):S52–S59

Giugliano, Dario; Maiorino, Maria Ida; Bellastella, Giuseppe; Esposito, Katherine

doi:10.2337/dc15-2829

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It may be repeated in the third trimester for women with normal test results if there is suspicion of GDM. Diagnosis of GDM was made with either fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 5.1, plasma glucose levels for 1 h after glucose intake ≥ 10.0, or plasma glucose levels for 1 h after glucose intake ≥ 8.5 mmol/L [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

Yang

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

Yang

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care suggest intensifying injectable therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who are failing on basal insulin therapy by adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA). Previous meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown a mean reduction of HbA1c of around 0.45% in favour of the insulin/GLP‐1RA combination (combo) as compared with other injectable treatment strategies, with no increased hypoglycaemia and reduced body weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free and fixed‐ratio combinations of basal insulin and GLP‐1 receptor agonists versus basal insulin intensification in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Maiorino

Chiodini

Bellastella

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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A meta-analysis is presented of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing free or fixed combinations of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist plus basal insulin versus insulin intensification on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs assessing changes in HbA1c, proportion of patients at HbA1c target of <7% (53 mmol/mol), hypoglycaemia and body weight. A random-effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) or relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. Eleven RCTs were identified, lasting 24-30 weeks and involving 6176 patients. In the overall analysis, the combination therapy led to a mean HbA1c decrease significantly greater than insulin up-titration (WMD -0.53%, 95% CI, -0.66, -0.40%, P < 0.001), more patients at HbA1c target (RR 1.69, 95% CI, 1.42, 2.00, P < 0.001), similar hypoglycaemic events (RR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.84, 1.12, P = 0.114), and reduction in body weight (WMD -1.9, 95% CI -2.3, -1.4, P < 0.001), with heterogeneity (I > 71%, P < 0.001). Results did not differ in either the free or fixed combination subgroups. Combination strategies, either free or fixed, represent a good option for intensifying basal insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who need amelioration of glycaemic control.

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“…The exclusion criteria were (1) DM and/or HD; (2) impaired fasting glucose (IFG); (3) alcoholic liver Abbreviations: AGEs, advanced glycation end products; DM, diabetes mellitus; HD, hepatogenous diabetes; BMI, Basal metabolic index; RAGE, Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; HCV, hepatitis C virus; SOF, Sofosbuvir; DCV, daclatasvir; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; CTP, Child-Turcotte Pugh; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; CBC, complete blood count; TG, triglycerides; GPAQ, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire; PKC, protein kinase C; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; ROS, reactive oxygen species. disease; (4) liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus, autoimmune hepatitis, NASH, and metabolic or cholestatic liver diseases; (5) collagen vascular diseases; (6) abdominal tuberculosis; (7) uncontrolled thyroid disorders; (8) kidney diseases and hematologic disorders; (9) peritoneal carcinomatosis; (10) pancreatitis; (11) bone marrow suppression; (12) cancers; (13) pregnancy and lactation; (14) osteoporosis; (15) smoking; (16) heart failure; (17) cerebrovascular accidents/Alzheimer's disease; (18) administration of immunosuppressive drugs or drugs likely to affect glucose metabolism; (19) administration of anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment, hepatotoxic drugs, NSAIDs, and/or oral contraceptive drugs; and finally (20) patients with missing information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients were diagnosed with diabetes through clinical examination, history of antidiabetics administration, and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126 mg/dl or more (≥7 mmol/l) (20).…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Glycation End Products as a Predictor of Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhosis

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is the major cause of liver cirrhosis development and glucose metabolism alteration. We aimed to explore the association of AGEs with the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with cirrhosis in this study. Methods: Only 144 of the 165 non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis were consecutively included in this prospective cohort pilot study, in addition to 72 healthy control subjects. Clinical data and biochemical parameters including basal insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity indices together with AGEs were evaluated in all participants at baseline and every 1 year thereafter for 2 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine the parameters that could predict the development of DM within this period. Results: DM developed in 14 (10%) patients only. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that AGEs (P = 0.004), Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.018), HOMA-β (P = 0.015), and age (P = 0.012) were associated with DM. After adjusting multiple confounders, the multivariable Cox regression model showed that AGEs, HOMA-IR, and age were the strongest variables associated with DM (all P < 0.05). Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, AGEs at a cutoff value of more than 82.4 ng/ml had 99.23% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and 0.992 area under the curve (AUC) (all P < 0.001) for DM prediction. Conclusion: Our study suggests that AGEs are related to increased incidence of DM, especially in patients with cirrhosis, which is very promising in lowering the risk of DM in these patients.

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Comment on American Diabetes Association. Approaches to Glycemic Treatment. Sec. 7. In Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care 2016;39(Suppl. 1):S52–S59

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

Free and fixed‐ratio combinations of basal insulin and GLP‐1 receptor agonists versus basal insulin intensification in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Advanced Glycation End Products as a Predictor of Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhosis

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