Comment on acp-2020-1229

Abstract

Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are a rare subset of aerosol particles that initiate cloud droplet freezing at temperatures above the homogenous freezing point of water (-38 °C).Considering that the ocean covers 70% of the earth's surface and represent a large potential source of INPs, it is imperative that the uncertainties in the identities and emissions of ocean INP become better understood. However, the specific underlying drivers of marine INP emissions and their identities remain largely unknown due to limited observations and the challenge involved in isolating exceptionally rare IN forming particles. By generating nascent sea spray aerosol (SSA) over a range of biological conditions, mesocosm studies show that microbes can contribute to marine INPs. Here, we identify 14 (30%) cultivable halotolerant ice nucleating microbes and fungi among 47 total isolates recovered from precipitation and aerosol samples collected in coastal air in Southern California. IN isolates collected in coastal air were found to nucleate ice from extremely warm to moderate freezing temperatures (-2.3 to -18 °C). Air mass trajectory analyses, and cultivability in marine growth media indicate marine origins of these