Comment on “A Linear Actuation of Polymeric Nanofibrous Bundle for Artificial Muscles”

Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle

“…However, recent results on electrospun hierarchical scaffolds, similar to HNES herein proposed, showed good cellular proliferation, infiltration, and elongation along the nanofibers direction in the whole structures, both in static and dynamic conditions (Sensini and Cristofolini, 2018;Apsite et al, 2019;Sensini et al, 2019bSensini et al, , 2020. Regarding potential soft robotics applications, several studies have investigated the combination of polyurethane coated with conjugated polymers such as polyaniline (Kang Gu et al, 2009), polypirrole Ebadi et al (2019a,b) and PEDOT (Kwon et al, 2013), showing a good match between an electrostrictive and an elastomeric element. Polyurethane has been also used in blend with cellulose (Wang et al, 2018) or CNTs (Meng et al, 2019) in order to be actuated by moisture or electrical stimuli, respectively.…”

“…Analogous actuators were realized by Ebadi et al (2019a,b), by coating mats of electrospun PU nanofibers, doped with p−toluenesulfonate (pTS) or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), with polypirrole (PPy). Increasing the structures complexity, Kang Gu et al (2009) proposed an artificial myofiber made of parallelly arranged PU nanofibers grouped together in a bundle, coated with polyaniline (PANi). More recently, Meng et al (2019) developed a yarn actuator by electrospinning a blend of aligned PU nanofibers loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs).…”

Pyrrolidinium Containing Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Li-Based Batteries

“…Diffusion within ILs is unique as fluid mechanic equations under simplified conditions are not applicable [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ], for example, diffusion in ILs is similar to that in solid-state materials [ 116 , 117 , 118 ] but further complicated by the ever-changing diffusion pathways caused by the ion pairings [ 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ]. ILs are often viscous fluids and a direct channel for diffusion is not provided, in conjunction with blocking interactions between the electroactive species and IL ions.…”

Electrochemical properties of bi-component bundle of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/ polyaniline nanofibers containing TiO2nanoparticles

“…A typical characteristic property of EAPs is that they will undergo a large amount of deformation while sustaining large forces, making them particularly attractive for use where a muscle-like response is desirable in medical devices, prostheses, toys, or artificial muscles. 6…”

“…8 In comparison to other conductive polymers, PANi has a lot of applications owing to its light weight, facile synthesis process, interesting redox properties, and low price. 6–10…”