Commensal Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria and Health: Production, Storage, and Delivery Strategies

Andrade, José Carlos; Almeida, Diana; Domingos, Melany; Seabra, Catarina Leal; Machado, Daniela; Freitas, Ana Cristina; Gomes, Ana

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00550

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…A meta-analysis showed positive effects on cognition of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotics in patients with MCI ( 60 ). However, beneficial butyrate-producing species are often strictly anaerobic or oxygen sensitive, complicating culturing and probiotic production ( 61 ). A third strategy is to directly target microbial pathways such as SCFA production, by interventions with high fiber intake or by administering SCFAs including acetate or sodium butyrate ( 62 , 63 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology

et al. 2022

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IntroductionSeveral studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota composition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, the observed differences are not consistent across studies. We aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota composition and AD biomarkers using machine learning models in patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Materials and MethodsWe included 170 patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, comprising 33 with AD dementia (66 ± 8 years, 46%F, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) 21[19-24]), 21 with MCI (64 ± 8 years, 43%F, MMSE 27[25-29]) and 116 with SCD (62 ± 8 years, 44%F, MMSE 29[28-30]). Fecal samples were collected and gut microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Biomarkers of AD included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (amyloid) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and MRI visual scores (medial temporal atrophy, global cortical atrophy, white matter hyperintensities). Associations between gut microbiota composition and dichotomized AD biomarkers were assessed with machine learning classification models. The two models with the highest area under the curve (AUC) were selected for logistic regression, to assess associations between the 20 best predicting microbes and the outcome measures from these machine learning models while adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, medication use, and MMSE.ResultsThe machine learning prediction for amyloid and p-tau from microbiota composition performed best with AUCs of 0.64 and 0.63. Highest ranked microbes included several short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing species. Higher abundance of [Clostridium] leptum and lower abundance of [Eubacterium] ventriosum group spp., Lachnospiraceae spp., Marvinbryantia spp., Monoglobus spp., [Ruminococcus] torques group spp., Roseburia hominis, and Christensenellaceae R-7 spp., was associated with higher odds of amyloid positivity. We found associations between lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae spp., Lachnoclostridium spp., Roseburia hominis and Bilophila wadsworthia and higher odds of positive p-tau status.ConclusionsGut microbiota composition was associated with amyloid and p-tau status. We extend on recent studies that observed associations between SCFA levels and AD CSF biomarkers by showing that lower abundances of SCFA-producing microbes were associated with higher odds of positive amyloid and p-tau status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology

et al. 2022

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“…The butyrate-producing bacteria Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum is commonly linked with in ammatory conditions of intestinal ecosystem [44], which may cause inferred in ammatory response during diarrhea in yaks. Though Babesia ovata is a low pathogenic species, but its infection may lead to severe damages in cattle when co-infected with Theileria orientalis [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomics Sequencing

Li¹,

Zeng²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Yaks are of great importance on the plateau; however, an emerging endemic diarrheal disease during the last few years is posing a great threat to the health of these animals. Yaks have special gut microbiotal community and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are not only the principle nutrient substrates of intestinal epithelial cells but can also regulate the epithelial barrier. Until now, metagenomics sequencing has not been reported in diarrheal yaks. A scarce information is available regarding the levels of fecal SCFAs and diarrhea in yaks. The purpose of our study was to identify the potential pathogens that cause the emerging diarrhea and also to explore the potential relationship of short-chain fatty acids in this issue. We estimated diarrhea rate in yaks after collecting the equal number of fecal samples from affected animals. Metagenomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of SCFAs were performed which revealed 15-25% and 5-10% prevalence in diarrheal yak’s calves and adults yaks respectively. Significant difference was observed in GC contents (44.69%~46.08% vs 46.12%~46.38%) under two reference groups (p<0.05). Violin box plot also showed the higher degree of dispersion in gene abundance distribution of diarrhea yaks, while genes of normal yaks were relatively gathered. We found 366163 significant differential abundance genes in diarrheal yaks, with 141305 up-regulated and 224858 down-regulated genes as compared with normal yaks via DESeq analysis. Metagenomic binning analysis indicated the higher significant of bin 33 (Bacteroidales) (p<0.05) in diarrheal animals, while bin 10 (p<0.0001), bin 30 (Clostridiales) (p<0.05), bin 51 (Lactobacillales) (p<0.05), bin 8 (Lachnospiraceae) (p<0.05) and bin 47 (Bacteria) (p<0.05) were obviously higher in normal animals. At different levels, an obviously difference in Phylum, Class, Oder, Family, Genus and Species was noticed as 4, 8, 8, 16, 17 and 30 respectively. Compared with healthy yaks, Acetic acid (p<0.01), Propionic acid (p<0.01), Butyric acid (p<0.01), Isobutyric acid, Isovaleric acid (p<0.05) and Caproic acid (p<0.01) were all observed obviously at lower rate in diarrheal yaks. In conclusion, besides the increased pathogens level of Staphylococcus aureus, Babesia ovata, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bacteroides fluxus, viruses, Klebsiella pneumonia, and inflammation-related bacteria; the decreased of SCFAs caused by the imbalance of intestinal microbiota may potentially leads to emergence of diarrhea in yaks.

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“…Evidence shows that, in a dysbiotic gut microbiota community, the abundance of butyrate producers is often reduced when compared to healthy controls (Rivera-Chávez et al, 2016). Thus, due to several beneficial features that aid gastrointestinal health, the consumption of butyrate-producing bacteria is viewed as a strategy to increase butyrate production in the gut, and the NGP mentioned earlier are pointed as strong candidates (Andrade et al, 2020). As mentioned, many acetate-consuming butyrogenic bacteria require the presence of acetate in pure culture for optimal growth, and that is the case of F. prausnitzii (Duncan et al, 2004a) and B. pullicaecorum (Eeckhaut et al, 2008).…”

Section: Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced knowledge regarding the pivotal role of gut microbiota in human health has increased the interest in using intestinal commensal microorganisms as probiotics. Such probiotics may be delivered to the consumer as a food product, a dietary supplement or a drug (Andrade et al, 2020). However, to introduce these NGP in the market, product developers should address a key question: what is the intended use?…”

Section: Next-generation Probiotics: Regulation Framework and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation probiotics

et al. 2022

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In the last years, the scientific community has recognized that specific microbial strains resident in the intestinal ecosystem play a key role in human health, participating in several functions beneficial to the host. Such microorganisms have been termed as next-generation probiotics and they are presently considered as food/nutraceutical supplements and biotherapeutic products. However, most of the next-generation probiotic candidates are nutritionally demanding and highly sensitive to aerobic conditions, which translates into several technological challenges concerning large-scale production and appeals to the development of suitable delivery systems able to promote viability and functionality of such probiotic strains. In this chapter, we will present an overall perspective of next-generation probiotics candidates in terms of their health beneficial effects, the delivery systems developed and employed to protect them, and related regulation framework and risk assessment targeting relevant criteria for commercialization in food and pharmaceutical markets.

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Commensal Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria and Health: Production, Storage, and Delivery Strategies

Cited by 46 publications

References 238 publications

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology

Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomics Sequencing

Next-generation probiotics

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