Command and control modeling for computer assisted exercise

Abstract

We suggest the C2 modeling method to develop a simulation model for training command groups which consist of commanders and staffs. By using C2 models in constructive simulation models, combat entities or units directly receive and execute orders from a command group without mediating human role players. We also compare combat results from suggested modeling method with the results of existing models by building and implementing a simulation model with C2 models. Our analysis by comparison demonstrates advantages of suggested method to model C2 for computer assisted exercises.

A multiresolution simulation system and simulation development processes

“…It is common in simulation model interoperation that a data mapping table organizes attribute values for data exchange between simulation models. 4,5 We define a common object mapping table that converts a simulation object in a simulation system to a common object with a predefined reference resolution so that such a common object can be easily converted for any other simulation as needed. The common object mapping table defines such mapping relations between the simulation objects.…”

“…High-resolution tactical entity-level simulation models, such as JCATS, JSAF (Joint Semi-Automated Forces), OneSAF (One Semi-Automated Forces), VR Forces, and VBS2 (Virtual Battlespace 2), or virtual simulators of individual weapon systems, such as tanks and fighters, are good for tactical training or analysis such as detecting, moving, and targeting, and firing, but can better train the operators or more accurately analyze combat performance if the trainees are properly commanded and controlled. 5 Therefore, we need to interoperate high-resolution tactical simulations with low-resolution constructive simulations, as in the federation of JTLS and JCATS. 6 Cayirci 6 clarifies the benefits of MR simulation federation, including realistic simulation of high-resolution incidents in low-resolution high-level exercises, adding new simulation capabilities into the federation, training multiple echelons for combined operations, and better command and control training by using both low- and high-resolution models.…”

“…There are also works on MRM including V-C interworking, command control modeling between models, and so on. 5,12,[22][23][24][25] To convert one or more entities engaged in interoperation or only their information in a simulation system to those in another system, various adaptors or converters are defined and attached onto individual objects in one of the simulation systems in most studies. Alternatively, only information on engaged entities are delivered through FOMs (Federation Object Models) and conversion rules are embedded in one simulation system's interface or managed by a centralized agent.…”

“…The states of high-resolution models are continuously aggregated into low-resolution ones, which are used for command and control decision and training. 4,5,16 Petty et al 18 propose a method of maintaining the consistency of object resolution conversion. Xiong et al 19 propose issues and solutions for converting location information and damage assessment.…”