Coming out in Weimar

Abstract

The perception of the Weimar Republic as the high-point of ‘classical modernity’ in which all areas of society were permeated by a fatal sense of crisis has been revised as an explanatory model in recent historiography. Historians have returned to this period with a new sense of the openness of the crisis environment, particularly in areas of social and cultural history. Male homosexuality emerged as a central theme of Weimar social and cultural crisis as it became possible for homosexual men to imagine an identity and a ‘life’ for the first time. These men began to understand their lives as a continuum in terms of their sexuality and to express their lives in writing. The discourse of masculinist homosexuality, which emerged during the first decades of the 20th century, was used by some homosexuals as a means to self-identification and self-validation in the open environment of post-war early Weimar. However, this speculative framework of masculine comradeship and warrior ethos became less and less tenable as the internal contradictions as well as the socio-political pressures of the Republic increased. The paper explores the internal tensions between homosexuality and masculinist identity in two literary works from the Weimar Republic, Max René Hesse’s Partenau and Thomas Mann’s ‘Mario and the Magician’.

Reducing economic inequality is ‘just right’: Moral conviction predicts support for redistributive government policies

“…Therefore, the motivational potency of moral conviction appears to be explained by a sense of obligation to behave in the name of one's moralized beliefs. For instance, strength of moral conviction predicts voting intentions (Morgan et al, 2010;Skitka & Bauman, 2008) and support for collective action and activism for gender equality (De Cristofaro et al, 2021), social discrimination (van Zomeren et al, 2011, physician-assisted suicide (Skitka & Wisneski, 2011), university unionization (Morgan, 2012) and rights to water (Mazzoni et al, 2015).…”

Kinetics of Surfactant Desorption at an Air–Solution Interface

“…In this section, numerical simulations of the model obtained using the COMSOL Since the parameters ε, Re * , 1/εMa, λ D , 1/Pe * , and 1/K are small, the structure of the solution to the model can be determined using asymptotic methods, and full details can be found in [29]. The large Péclet number indicates that, away from the boundaries of the domain, diffusion can be neglected as the monomer and micellar phases are purely advected with the flow, as seen in Figure 7, where pure water injected from the left replaces the surfactant solution.…”